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Related papers: PEAR: Equal Area Weather Forecasting on the Sphere

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Could it be that AI weather models are solving physical equations, although they may not be the equations used by conventional NWP models? We compute correlations of forecast skill and Centered Kernel Alignment, providing evidence that…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 George Craig , Tobias Selz , Matthias Beylich , Kirsten I. Tempest

The weather forecasting system is important for science and society, and significant achievements have been made in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to medium-range weather forecasting. However, existing AI-based weather forecasting…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Kun Chen , Lei Bai , Fenghua Ling , Peng Ye , Tao Chen , Hang Fan , Hao Chen , Yi Xiao , Kang Chen , Tao Han , Jing-Jia Luo , Wanli Ouyang

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) has advanced significantly in recent decades but still faces challenges in accuracy, computational efficiency, and scalability. Data-driven weather models have shown great promise, sometimes surpassing…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Animesh Choudhury , Jagabandhu Panda

The study of the weather is performed using instruments termed weather stations. These weather stations are distributed around the world, collecting the data from the different phenomena. Several weather organizations have been deploying…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-03 Adrian Yanes

The demand for high-resolution information on climate change is critical for accurate projections and decision-making. Presently, this need is addressed through high-resolution climate models or downscaling. High-resolution models are…

Sea ice at the North Pole is vital to global climate dynamics. However, accurately forecasting sea ice poses a significant challenge due to the intricate interaction among multiple variables. Leveraging the capability to integrate multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jaesung Park , Sungchul Hong , Yoonseo Cho , Jong-June Jeon

In recent years, AI-based weather forecasting models have matched or even outperformed numerical weather prediction systems. However, most of these models have been trained and evaluated on reanalysis datasets like ERA5. These datasets,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Weixin Jin , Jonathan Weyn , Pengcheng Zhao , Siqi Xiang , Jiang Bian , Zuliang Fang , Haiyu Dong , Hongyu Sun , Kit Thambiratnam , Qi Zhang

Long-term rainfall prediction is a challenging task especially in the modern world where we are facing the major environmental problem of global warming. In general, climate and rainfall are highly non-linear phenomena in nature exhibiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ajith Abraham , Dan Steinberg

Accurate and robust weather forecasting remains a fundamental challenge due to the inherent spatio-temporal complexity of atmospheric systems. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised learning framework that leverages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yao Liu

Modern weather and climate models share a common heritage, and often even components, however they are used in different ways to answer fundamentally different questions. As such, attempts to emulate them using machine learning should…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-03-21 Duncan Watson-Parris

As global warming increases the complexity of weather patterns; the precision of weather forecasting becomes increasingly important. Our study proposes a novel preprocessing method and convolutional autoencoder model developed to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Yo-Hwan Choi , Seon-Yu Kang , Minjong Cheon

Recently, AI-based weather forecast models have achieved impressive advances. These models have reached accuracy levels comparable to traditional NWP systems, marking a significant milestone in data-driven weather prediction. However, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Minjong Cheon , Eunhan Goo , Su-Hyeon Shin , Muhammad Ahmed , Hyungjun Kim

Advances in deep learning methods for weather forecasting are creating opportunities to computationally explore the potential for steering or control of extreme weather trajectories for societal risk reduction. We present initial…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Moyan Liu , Qin Huang , Upmanu Lall

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based data-driven weather forecasting models have experienced rapid progress over the last years. Recent studies, with models trained on reanalysis data, achieve impressive results and demonstrate substantial…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Christopher Bülte , Nina Horat , Julian Quinting , Sebastian Lerch

Deep learning has advanced weather forecasting, but accurate predictions first require identifying the current state of the atmosphere from observational data. In this work, we introduce Appa, a score-based data assimilation model…

The accurate prediction of oceanographic variables is crucial for understanding climate change, managing marine resources, and optimizing maritime activities. Traditional ocean forecasting relies on numerical models; however, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Víctor Medina , Giovanny A. Cuervo-Londoño , Javier Sánchez

Kilometer-scale modeling of global atmosphere dynamics enables fine-grained weather forecasting and decreases the risk of disastrous weather and climate activity. Therefore, building a kilometer-scale global forecast model is a persistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Tao Han , Song Guo , Fenghua Ling , Kang Chen , Junchao Gong , Jingjia Luo , Junxia Gu , Kan Dai , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

Precipitation remains one of the most challenging climate variables to observe and predict accurately. Existing datasets face intricate trade-offs: gauge observations are relatively trustworthy but sparse, satellites provide global coverage…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Sencan Sun , Congyi Nai , Baoxiang Pan , Wentao Li , Lu Li , Xin Li , Efi Foufoula-Georgiou , Yanluan Lin

Anthropogenic climate change (ACC) is altering the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Attributing individual extreme events (EEs) to ACC is becoming crucial to assess the risks of climate change. Traditional attribution…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Bernat Jiménez-Esteve , David Barriopedro , Juan Emmanuel Johnson , Ricardo Garcia-Herrera

Understanding seasonal climatic conditions is critical for better management of resources such as water, energy and agriculture. Recently, there has been a great interest in utilizing the power of artificial intelligence methods in climate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Alper Unal , Busra Asan , Ismail Sezen , Bugra Yesilkaynak , Yusuf Aydin , Mehmet Ilicak , Gozde Unal