English
Related papers

Related papers: A Distributionally Robust Framework for Nuisance i…

200 papers

Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for measuring causal effects. However, they are often not always feasible, and causal treatment effects must be estimated from observational data. Observational studies do not allow robust…

Predictive models that generalize well under distributional shift are often desirable and sometimes crucial to building robust and reliable machine learning applications. We focus on distributional shift that arises in causal inference from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-27 Fredrik D. Johansson , Nathan Kallus , Uri Shalit , David Sontag

Survival outcomes are common in comparative effectiveness studies and require unique handling because they are usually incompletely observed due to right-censoring. A ``once for all'' approach for causal inference with survival outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-21 Shuxi Zeng , Fan Li , Liangyuan Hu , Fan Li

We consider a longitudinal data structure consisting of baseline covariates, time-varying treatment variables, intermediate time-dependent covariates, and a possibly time dependent outcome. Previous studies have shown that estimating the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Linh Tran , Maya Petersen , Joshua Schwab , Mark J van der Laan

A common goal in comparative effectiveness research is to estimate treatment effects on pre-specified subpopulations of patients. Though widely used in medical research, causal inference methods for such subgroup analysis remain…

The challenge of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization poses a foundational concern for the application of machine learning algorithms to risk-sensitive areas. Inspired by traditional importance weighting and propensity weighting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Han Yu , Yue He , Renzhe Xu , Dongbai Li , Jiayin Zhang , Wenchao Zou , Peng Cui

Identifying cause-effect relations among variables is a key step in the decision-making process. While causal inference requires randomized experiments, researchers and policymakers are increasingly using observational studies to test…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-22 Md Saiful Islam , Md Sarowar Morshed , Md. Noor-E-Alam

Propensity score matching (PSM) and augmented inverse propensity weighting (AIPW) are widely used in observational studies to estimate causal effects. The two approaches present complementary features. The AIPW estimator is doubly robust…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Tanchumin Xu , Yunshu Zhang , Shu Yang

While the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) is a commonly used approach for treatment comparisons in observational data, the resulting estimates may be subject to bias and excessively large variance when there is lack of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-13 Zhiqiang Cao , Lama Ghazi , Claudia Mastrogiacomo , Laura Forastiere , F. Perry Wilson , Fan Li

The linear regression model is widely used in the biomedical and social sciences as well as in policy and business research to adjust for covariates and estimate the average effects of treatments. Behind every causal inference endeavor…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Ambarish Chattopadhyay , Noah Greifer , Jose R. Zubizarreta

Matching is a widely used causal inference design that aims to approximate a randomized experiment using observational data by forming matched sets of treated and control units based on similarities in their covariates. Ideally, treated…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Jianan Zhu , Jeffrey Zhang , Zijian Guo , Siyu Heng

Covariate balance is crucial for unconfounded descriptive or causal comparisons. However, lack of balance is common in observational studies. This article considers weighting strategies for balancing covariates. We define a general class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-30 Fan Li , Kari Lock Morgan , Alan M. Zaslavsky

Covariate balance is crucial for unconfounded descriptive or causal comparisons. However, lack of balance is common in observational studies. This article considers weighting strategies for balancing covariates. We define a general class of…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-17 Fan Li , Kari Lock Morgan , Alan M. Zaslavsky

This paper builds on classical distributionally robust optimization techniques to construct a comprehensive framework that can be used for solving inverse problems. Given an estimated distribution of inputs in $X$ and outputs in $Y$, an…

Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) provide a systematic framework for optimizing sequential decision-making in chronic disease management, where therapies must adapt to patients' evolving clinical profiles. Inverse probability weighting (IPW)…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-26 Chloe Si , David A. Stephens , Erica E. M. Moodie

Generalized linear models are often assumed to fit propensity scores, which are used to compute inverse probability weighted (IPW) estimators. In order to derive the asymptotic properties of IPW estimators, the propensity score is supposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-25 Julieta Molina , Mariela Sued , Marina Valdora

We use a decision-theoretic framework to study the problem of forecasting discrete outcomes when the forecaster is unable to discriminate among a set of plausible forecast distributions because of partial identification or concerns about…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-18 Timothy Christensen , Hyungsik Roger Moon , Frank Schorfheide

We establish a general framework for statistical inferences with non-probability survey samples when relevant auxiliary information is available from a probability survey sample. We develop a rigorous procedure for estimating the propensity…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-17 Yilin Chen , Pengfei Li , Changbao Wu

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for solving inverse problems, yet prior work has primarily focused on observations with Gaussian measurement noise, restricting their use in real-world scenarios. This limitation persists due…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-11 Alessandro Micheli , Mélodie Monod , Samir Bhatt

In regression analysis under artificial neural networks, the prediction performance depends on determining the appropriate weights between layers. As randomly initialized weights are updated during back-propagation using the gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Eunho Koo , Hyungjun Kim