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Graphical user interface (GUI) agents can substantially improve productivity by automating frequently executed long-latency tasks on mobile devices. However, existing evaluation benchmarks are still constrained to limited applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yue Cao , Yingyao Wang , Pi Bu , Jingxuan Xing , Wei Jiang , Zekun Zhu , Junpeng Ma , Sashuai Zhou , Tong Lu , Jun Song , Yu Cheng , Yuning Jiang , Bo Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) have evolved beyond simple text generation to power software agents that directly translate natural language commands into tangible actions. While API-based LLM agents initially rose to prominence for their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chaoyun Zhang , Shilin He , Liqun Li , Si Qin , Yu Kang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

With the advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM), LLM-driven visual agents are increasingly impacting software interfaces, particularly those with graphical user interfaces. This work introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yanda Li , Chi Zhang , Wenjia Jiang , Wanqi Yang , Bin Fu , Pei Cheng , Xin Chen , Ling Chen , Yunchao Wei

This paper argues that the next generation of AI agent (NGENT) should integrate across-domain abilities to advance toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Although current AI agents are effective in specialized tasks such as robotics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Zhicong Li , Hangyu Mao , Jiangjin Yin , Mingzhe Xing , Zhiwei Xu , Yuanxing Zhang , Yang Xiao

Much of the previous work towards digital agents for graphical user interfaces (GUIs) has relied on text-based representations (derived from HTML or other structured data sources), which are not always readily available. These input…

Highly customized graphical user interfaces play a major role in today's software applications. There exist many technologies that support developing them. But these technologies demand writing a significant amount of unintuitive code to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Samiyuru Menik , Sriyal Jayasinghe

Language agents are increasingly deployed in complex professional workflows, with tutoring emerging as a particularly high-stakes capability that remains largely unmeasured in existing benchmarks. Effective tutor agents require more than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zixin Chen , Peng Liu , Rui Sheng , Haobo Li , Jianhong Tu , Xiaodong Deng , Kashun Shum , Dayiheng Liu , Huamin Qu

AI text-to-app tools promise high quality applications and websites in minutes, yet no public benchmark rigorously verifies those claims. We introduce UI-Bench, the first large-scale benchmark that evaluates visual excellence across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Sam Jung , Agustin Garcinuno , Spencer Mateega

GUI agent aims to enable automated operations on Mobile/PC devices, which is an important task toward achieving artificial general intelligence. The rapid advancement of VLMs accelerates the development of GUI agents, owing to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Zhixiong Zeng , Jing Huang , Liming Zheng , Wenkang Han , Yufeng Zhong , Lei Chen , Longrong Yang , Yingjie Chu , Yuzhi He , Lin Ma

Benchmarks are paramount for gauging progress in the domain of Mobile GUI Agents. In practical scenarios, users frequently fail to articulate precise directives containing full task details at the onset, and their expressions are typically…

Existing Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents operate through step-by-step calls to vision language models--taking a screenshot, reasoning about the next action, executing it, then repeating on the new page--resulting in high costs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Hongbin Zhong , Fazle Faisal , Luis França , Tanakorn Leesatapornwongsa , Adriana Szekeres , Kexin Rong , Suman Nath

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, driven by Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling intelligent interaction with digital systems. This paper provides a structured survey of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahao Li , Kaer Huang

Scaling generalist GUI agents is hindered by the data scalability bottleneck of expensive human demonstrations and the "distillation ceiling" of synthetic teacher supervision. To transcend these limitations, we propose UI-Oceanus, a…

Mobile GUI agents powered by large foundation models enable autonomous task execution, but frequent updates altering UI appearance and reorganizing workflows cause agents trained on historical data to fail. Despite surface changes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Libo Sun , Jiwen Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei

AI agents that take actions in their environment autonomously over extended time horizons require robust governance interventions to curb their potentially consequential risks. Prior proposals for governing AI agents primarily target…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-02 K. J. Kevin Feng , Tae Soo Kim , Rock Yuren Pang , Faria Huq , Tal August , Amy X. Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents, powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), have shown great potential for task automation on computing devices such as computers and mobile phones. However, existing agents face challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yuhang Liu , Pengxiang Li , Zishu Wei , Congkai Xie , Xueyu Hu , Xinchen Xu , Shengyu Zhang , Xiaotian Han , Hongxia Yang , Fei Wu

The development of GUI agents could revolutionize the next generation of human-computer interaction. Motivated by this vision, we present MAI-UI, a family of foundation GUI agents spanning the full spectrum of sizes, including 2B, 8B, 32B,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hanzhang Zhou , Xu Zhang , Panrong Tong , Jianan Zhang , Liangyu Chen , Quyu Kong , Chenglin Cai , Chen Liu , Yue Wang , Jingren Zhou , Steven Hoi

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

In this paper, we present a neat yet effective transformer-based framework for visual grounding, namely TransVG, to address the task of grounding a language query to the corresponding region onto an image. The state-of-the-art methods,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Jiajun Deng , Zhengyuan Yang , Tianlang Chen , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li