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We propose an inference-time scaling approach for pretrained flow models. Recently, inference-time scaling has gained significant attention in LLMs and diffusion models, improving sample quality or better aligning outputs with user…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jaihoon Kim , Taehoon Yoon , Jisung Hwang , Minhyuk Sung

The predominant approach to advancing text-to-image generation has been training-time scaling, where larger models are trained on more data using greater computational resources. While effective, this approach is computationally expensive,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Akash Gokul , Arsh Koneru , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka , Aditya Grover

The new paradigm of test-time scaling has yielded remarkable breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) (e.g. reasoning models) and in generative vision models, allowing models to allocate additional computation during inference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Luca Eyring , Shyamgopal Karthik , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Nataniel Ruiz , Zeynep Akata

Optimizing the noise samples of diffusion and flow models is an increasingly popular approach to align these models to target rewards at inference time. However, we observe that these approaches are usually restricted to differentiable or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Niklas Schweiger , Daniel Cremers , Karnik Ram

Allocating extra computation at inference time has recently improved sample quality in large language models and diffusion-based image generation. In parallel, Flow Matching (FM) has gained traction in language, vision, and scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Adam Stecklov , Noah El Rimawi-Fine , Mathieu Blanchette

Diffusion models have emerged as a dominant approach for text-to-image generation. Key components such as the human preference alignment and classifier-free guidance play a crucial role in ensuring generation quality. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Minghao Fu , Guo-Hua Wang , Liangfu Cao , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Text-to-speech(TTS) has undergone remarkable improvements in performance, particularly with the advent of Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs). However, the perceived quality of audio depends not solely on its content, pitch,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-23 Huadai Liu , Rongjie Huang , Xuan Lin , Wenqiang Xu , Maozong Zheng , Hong Chen , Jinzheng He , Zhou Zhao

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the development of text-to-image generative models. Evaluating the quality of the generative models is one essential step in the development process. Unfortunately, the evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lin Zhao , Tianchen Zhao , Zinan Lin , Xuefei Ning , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Diffusion models have shown promising generative capabilities across diverse domains, yet aligning their outputs with desired reward functions remains a challenge, particularly in cases where reward functions are non-differentiable. Some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xiner Li , Masatoshi Uehara , Xingyu Su , Gabriele Scalia , Tommaso Biancalani , Aviv Regev , Sergey Levine , Shuiwang Ji

Inference-time scaling offers a versatile paradigm for aligning visual generative models with downstream objectives without parameter updates. However, existing approaches that optimize the high-dimensional initial noise suffer from severe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Jinyan Ye , Zhongjie Duan , Zhiwen Li , Cen Chen , Daoyuan Chen , Yaliang Li , Yingda Chen

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in high-fidelity image generation but remain computationally demanding due to their multi-step denoising process and large model sizes. Although prior work improves efficiency either by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Zongfang Liu , Shengkun Tang , Zongliang Wu , Xin Yuan , Zhiqiang Shen

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art generative models, yet their samples often fail to satisfy application objectives such as safety constraints or domain-specific validity. Existing techniques for alignment require gradients, internal…

Flow matching and diffusion models have shown impressive results in text-to-image generation, producing photorealistic images through an iterative denoising process. A common strategy to speed up synthesis is to perform early denoising at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Jyun-Ze Tang , Chih-Fan Hsu , Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

The rapid development of large-scale text-to-speech (TTS) models has led to significant advancements in modeling diverse speaker prosody and voices. However, these models often face issues such as slow inference speeds, reliance on complex…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Yinghao Aaron Li , Xilin Jiang , Cong Han , Nima Mesgarani

Real-world videos often extend over thousands of frames. Existing generative video super-resolution (VSR) approaches, however, face two persistent challenges when processing long sequences: (1) inefficiency due to the heavy cost of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ziqing Zhang , Kai Liu , Zheng Chen , Xi Li , Yucong Chen , Bingnan Duan , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang

Test-time Scaling (TTS) has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) during the inference phase without altering model parameters. However, existing TTS methods are largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Guibin Zhang , Fanci Meng , Guancheng Wan , Zherui Li , Kun Wang , Zhenfei Yin , Lei Bai , Shuicheng Yan

Test-time scaling (TTS), which involves dynamic allocation of compute during inference, offers a promising way to improve reasoning in large language models. While existing TTS methods work well, they often rely on long decoding paths or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, trained via flow-matching or diffusion objectives, excel at learning complex behaviors from large-scale, multi-modal datasets (e.g., human teleoperation, scripted policies). However, since VLAs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Siyuan Yang , Yang Zhang , Haoran He , Ling Pan , Xiu Li , Chenjia Bai , Xuelong Li

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable success in generative tasks, including audio super-resolution (SR). In many applications like movie post-production and album mastering, substantial computational budgets are available for…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yizhu Jin , Zhen Ye , Zeyue Tian , Haohe Liu , Qiuqiang Kong , Yike Guo , Wei Xue

Inference-time compute has re-emerged as a practical way to improve LLM reasoning. Most test-time scaling (TTS) algorithms rely on autoregressive decoding, which is ill-suited to discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jinbin Bai , Yixuan Li , Yuchen Zhu , Yi Xin , Qingyu Shi , Aosong Feng , Xiaohong Liu , Molei Tao , Jianru Xue , Xiangtai Li , Ming-Hsuan Yang