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Pre-training on public data is an effective method to improve the performance for federated learning (FL) with differential privacy (DP). This paper investigates how large language models (LLMs) trained on public data can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shanshan Wu , Zheng Xu , Yanxiang Zhang , Yuanbo Zhang , Daniel Ramage

Synthetic data has the potential to improve the performance, training efficiency, and privacy of real training examples. Nevertheless, existing approaches for synthetic text generation are mostly heuristics and cannot generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Dang Nguyen , Zeman Li , Mohammadhossein Bateni , Vahab Mirrokni , Meisam Razaviyayn , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Of the many commercial and scientific opportunities provided by large language models (LLMs; including Open AI's ChatGPT, Meta's LLaMA, and Anthropic's Claude), one of the more intriguing applications has been the simulation of human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Gabriel Simmons , Christopher Hare

Large language models are increasingly used as computational tools for modeling human-like behavior. We introduce a behavioral induction framework that modifies model policies through fine-tuning on structured decision-making tasks: using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Nicola Milano , Davide Marocco

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), the focus in Conversational AI has shifted from merely generating coherent and relevant responses to tackling more complex challenges, such as personalizing dialogue systems. In an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Maria Molchanova , Anna Mikhailova , Anna Korzanova , Lidiia Ostyakova , Alexandra Dolidze

Motivated by the remarkable progress of large language models (LLMs) in objective tasks like mathematics and coding, there is growing interest in their potential to simulate human behavior--a capability with profound implications for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yuxuan Lei , Tianfu Wang , Jianxun Lian , Zhengyu Hu , Defu Lian , Xing Xie

In the era of big data, access to abundant data is crucial for driving research forward. However, such data is often inaccessible due to privacy concerns or high costs, particularly in healthcare domain. Generating synthetic (tabular) data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yaobin Ling , Xiaoqian Jiang , Yejin Kim

Simulation is an invaluable tool for developing and evaluating controllers for self-driving cars. Current simulation frameworks are driven by highly-specialist domain specific languages, and so a natural language interface would greatly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Craig Innes

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used both to make decisions in domains such as health, education and law, and to simulate human behavior. Yet how closely LLMs mirror actual human decision-making remains poorly understood. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Andrea Cera Palatsi , Samuel Martin-Gutierrez , Ana S. Cardenal , Max Pellert

The impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) raise the possibility that synthetic agents can serve as substitutes for real participants in human-subject research. To evaluate this claim, prior research has largely focused on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 James Mooney , Josef Woldense , Zheng Robert Jia , Shirley Anugrah Hayati , My Ha Nguyen , Vipul Raheja , Dongyeop Kang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as personalized assistants for users across a wide range of tasks -- from offering writing support to delivering tailored recommendations or consultations. Over time, the interaction history between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Bowen Jiang , Zhuoqun Hao , Young-Min Cho , Bryan Li , Yuan Yuan , Sihao Chen , Lyle Ungar , Camillo J. Taylor , Dan Roth

Predicting human decision-making in high-stakes environments remains a central challenge for artificial intelligence. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong general reasoning, they often struggle to generate consistent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ben Yellin , Ehud Ezra , Mark Foreman , Shula Grinapol

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has transformed conversational agents, enabling complex human-machine interactions. However, evaluation frameworks often focus on single tasks, failing to capture the dynamic nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Pietro Alessandro Aluffi , Patrick Zietkiewicz , Marya Bazzi , Matt Arderne , Vladimirs Murevics

Machine learning (ML) models frequently rely on training data that may include sensitive or personal information, raising substantial privacy concerns. Legislative frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Md Mahadi Hasan Nahid , Sadid Bin Hasan

The proliferation of visual sensors in smart home environments, particularly through wearable devices like smart glasses, introduces profound privacy challenges. Existing privacy controls are often static and coarse-grained, failing to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Shuning Zhang , Ying Ma , Xin Yi , Hewu Li

Personalizing digital applications for health behavior change is a promising route to making them more engaging and effective. This especially holds for approaches that adapt to users and their specific states (e.g., motivation, knowledge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Nele Albers , Esra Cemre Su de Groot , Loes Keijsers , Manon H. Hillegers , Emiel Krahmer

Large language models (LLMs) have gained considerable attention for Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), particularly with the emergence of ChatGPT. However, the direct adaptation of continuous speech to LLMs that process…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-28 Haibin Wu , Kai-Wei Chang , Yuan-Kuei Wu , Hung-yi Lee

Simulating high quality user behavior data has always been a fundamental problem in human-centered applications, where the major difficulty originates from the intricate mechanism of human decision process. Recently, substantial evidences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Lei Wang , Jingsen Zhang , Hao Yang , Zhiyuan Chen , Jiakai Tang , Zeyu Zhang , Xu Chen , Yankai Lin , Ruihua Song , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jun Xu , Zhicheng Dou , Jun Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for tasks such as natural language and code generation, but their outputs often suffer from issues like hallucination, toxicity, and incorrect results. Current libraries for structured LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shubham Ugare , Rohan Gumaste , Tarun Suresh , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling the generation of coherent and contextually relevant human-like text. As LLMs increasingly powerconversational agents used by the general…