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We consider quadratic, nonmonotone generalized Nash equilibrium problems with symmetric interactions among the agents. Albeit this class of games is known to admit a potential function, its formal expression can be unavailable in several…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Filippo Fabiani , Andrea Simonetto , Paul J. Goulart

We initiate the study of how to perturb the reward in a zero-sum Markov game with two players to induce a desirable Nash equilibrium, namely arbitrating. Such a problem admits a bi-level optimization formulation. The lower level requires…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jing Wang , Meichen Song , Feng Gao , Boyi Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Yi Wu

We initiate the study of Preference-Based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (PbMARL), exploring both theoretical foundations and empirical validations. We define the task as identifying the Nash equilibrium from a preference-only offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Natalia Zhang , Xinqi Wang , Qiwen Cui , Runlong Zhou , Sham M. Kakade , Simon S. Du

We propose a new model, independent linear Markov game, for multi-agent reinforcement learning with a large state space and a large number of agents. This is a class of Markov games with independent linear function approximation, where each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Qiwen Cui , Kaiqing Zhang , Simon S. Du

We study the problem of computing an approximate Nash equilibrium of continuous-action game without access to gradients. Such game access is common in reinforcement learning settings, where the environment is typically treated as a black…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

In this work, we study potential games and Markov potential games under stochastic cost and bandit feedback. We propose a variant of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm with sufficient exploration and recursive gradient estimation, which provably…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jing Dong , Baoxiang Wang , Yaoliang Yu

We propose a deep neural network-based algorithm to identify the Markovian Nash equilibrium of general large $N$-player stochastic differential games. Following the idea of fictitious play, we recast the $N$-player game into $N$ decoupled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-08 Jiequn Han , Ruimeng Hu

Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games remains a central challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Recent multi-round regularization methods offer a promising direction, yet existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Eason Yu , Tzu Hao Liu , Clément L. Canonne , Yunke Wang , Chang Xu , Nguyen H. Tran , Stefano V. Albrecht

We study the problem of computing approximate Nash equilibria of bimatrix games, in a setting where players initially know their own payoffs but not the payoffs of the other player. In order for a solution of reasonable quality to be found,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-18 Paul Goldberg , Arnoud Pastink

The Nash Equilibrium is a much discussed, deceptively complex, method for the analysis of non-cooperative games. If one reads many of the commonly available definitions the description of the Nash Equilibrium is deceptively simple in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-09 Philip V. Fellman

Nash equilibrium is perhaps the best-known solution concept in game theory. Such a solution assigns a strategy to each player which offers no incentive to unilaterally deviate. While a Nash equilibrium is guaranteed to always exist, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 David Sychrovský , Christopher Solinas , Revan MacQueen , Kevin Wang , James R. Wright , Nathan R. Sturtevant , Michael Bowling

The designs of many large-scale systems today, from traffic routing environments to smart grids, rely on game-theoretic equilibrium concepts. However, as the size of an $N$-player game typically grows exponentially with $N$, standard game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Paul Muller , Romuald Elie , Mark Rowland , Mathieu Lauriere , Julien Perolat , Sarah Perrin , Matthieu Geist , Georgios Piliouras , Olivier Pietquin , Karl Tuyls

We consider a class of two-player dynamic stochastic nonzero-sum games where the state transition and observation equations are linear, and the primitive random variables are Gaussian. Each controller acquires possibly different dynamic…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Abhishek Gupta , Ashutosh Nayyar , Cedric Langbort , Tamer Basar

Successful algorithms have been developed for computing Nash equilibrium in a variety of finite game classes. However, solving continuous games -- in which the pure strategy space is (potentially uncountably) infinite -- is far more…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Sam Ganzfried

In this tutorial, we provide an introduction to machine learning methods for finding Nash equilibria in games with large number of agents. These types of problems are important for the operations research community because of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

Recent advances at the intersection of dense large graph limits and mean field games have begun to enable the scalable analysis of a broad class of dynamical sequential games with large numbers of agents. So far, results have been largely…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

In this work, we study the system of interacting non-cooperative two Q-learning agents, where one agent has the privilege of observing the other's actions. We show that this information asymmetry can lead to a stable outcome of population…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Ezra Tampubolon , Haris Ceribasic , Holger Boche

Behavioral diversity, expert imitation, fairness, safety goals and others give rise to preferences in sequential decision making domains that do not decompose additively across time. We introduce the class of convex Markov games that allow…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ian Gemp , Andreas Haupt , Luke Marris , Siqi Liu , Georgios Piliouras

This letter studies multi-agent reinforcement learning in partially observable Markov potential games. Solving this problem is challenging due to partial observability, decentralized information, and the curse of dimensionality. First, to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wonseok Yang , Thinh T. Doan

This paper considers the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in zero-sum stochastic games when expert demonstrations are known to be not optimal. Compared to previous works that decouple agents in the game by assuming optimality in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-07 Xingyu Wang , Diego Klabjan