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Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed for online generative services, where numerous LLM instances jointly handle workloads with fluctuating request arrival rates and variable request lengths. To efficiently execute…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Cong Li , Yihan Yin , Chenhao Xue , Zhao Wang , Fujun Bai , Yixin Guo , Xiping Jiang , Qiang Wu , Yuan Xie , Guangyu Sun

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs)-based text embedding models primarily focus on data scaling or synthesis, yet limited exploration of training techniques and data quality, thereby constraining performance. In this work,…

Large language model (LLM) inference is limited by high computational cost and memory bandwidth demands, making deployment on heterogeneous many-core processors challenging. Taking the MT-3000 processor used in the Tianhe supercomputer as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yao Lu , Zhongzhi Luan , Gen Li , Jiaxing Qi , Shiqing Ma , Bin Han , Shizhe Shang , Hailong Yang , Depei Qian

When building large-scale machine learning (ML) programs, such as big topic models or deep neural nets, one usually assumes such tasks can only be attempted with industrial-sized clusters with thousands of nodes, which are out of reach for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-12-05 Jinhui Yuan , Fei Gao , Qirong Ho , Wei Dai , Jinliang Wei , Xun Zheng , Eric P. Xing , Tie-Yan Liu , Wei-Ying Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention due to their human-like language understanding and generation capabilities, as well as their applicability across various domains. These models, characterized by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Kazuki Fujii , Taishi Nakamura , Rio Yokota

The increasing complexity of machine learning models and the proliferation of diverse hardware architectures (CPUs, GPUs, accelerators) make achieving optimal performance a significant challenge. Heterogeneity in instruction sets,…

In this paper we describe HeSP, a complete simulation framework to study a general task scheduling-partitioning problem on heterogeneous architectures, which treats recursive task partitioning and scheduling decisions on equal footing.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Anton Rey , Francisco D. Igual , Manuel Prieto-Matías

Larger model sizes and longer sequence lengths have empowered the Large Language Model (LLM) to achieve outstanding performance across various domains. However, this progress brings significant storage capacity challenges for LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xinyuan Lin , Chenlu Li , Zongle Huang , Chunyu Wang , Bo Xiao , Huazhong Yang , Shishi Duan , Yongpan Liu

The proliferation of heterogeneous chip multiprocessors in recent years has reached unprecedented levels. Traditional homogeneous platforms have shown fundamental limitations when it comes to enabling high-performance yet-ultra-low-power…

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tianhao Zhu , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia

Deploying million-token Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging because production workloads are highly heterogeneous, mixing short queries and long documents. This heterogeneity, combined with the quadratic complexity of attention,…

Training Large Language Models(LLMs) is one of the most compute-intensive tasks in high-performance computing. Predicting end-to-end training time for multi-billion parameter models distributed across hundreds of GPUs remains challenging…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Biyao Zhang , Mingkai Zheng , Debargha Ganguly , Xuecen Zhang , Vikash Singh , Vipin Chaudhary , Zhao Zhang

With Large Language Models (LLMs) recently demonstrating impressive proficiency in code generation, it is promising to extend their abilities to Hardware Description Language (HDL). However, LLMs tend to generate single HDL code blocks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jinwei Tang , Jiayin Qin , Kiran Thorat , Chen Zhu-Tian , Yu Cao , Yang , Zhao , Caiwen Ding

Serving generative inference of the large language model is a crucial component of contemporary AI applications. This paper focuses on deploying such services in a heterogeneous and cross-datacenter setting to mitigate the substantial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Youhe Jiang , Ran Yan , Xiaozhe Yao , Yang Zhou , Beidi Chen , Binhang Yuan

Large language models (LLM) have become a critical component in many applications of machine learning. However, standard approaches to training LLM require a large number of tightly interconnected accelerators, with devices exchanging…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various domains, particularly in system 1 tasks, yet the intricacies of their problem-solving mechanisms in system 2 tasks are not sufficiently explored. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kounianhua Du , Hanjing Wang , Jianxing Liu , Jizheng Chen , Xinyi Dai , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

This paper presents a comparative study aimed at optimizing Llama2 inference, a critical aspect of machine learning and natural language processing (NLP). We evaluate various programming languages and frameworks, including TensorFlow,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Sazzad Hossain , Touhidul Alam Seyam , Avijit Chowdhury , Munis Xamidov , Rajib Ghose , Abhijit Pathak

As deep learning models are increasingly deployed on mobile devices, modern mobile devices incorporate deep learning-specific accelerators to handle the growing computational demands, thus increasing their hardware heterogeneity. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Duseok Kang , Yunseong Lee , Junghoon Kim

The proliferation of camera-enabled devices and large video repositories has led to a diverse set of video analytics applications. These applications rely on video pipelines, represented as DAGs of operations, to transform videos, process…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Francisco Romero , Mark Zhao , Neeraja J. Yadwadkar , Christos Kozyrakis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have presented impressive performance across several transformative tasks. However, it is non-trivial to efficiently utilize large-scale cluster resources to develop LLMs, often riddled with numerous challenges…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Qinghao Hu , Zhisheng Ye , Zerui Wang , Guoteng Wang , Meng Zhang , Qiaoling Chen , Peng Sun , Dahua Lin , Xiaolin Wang , Yingwei Luo , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang