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Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable of following instructions and complex reasoning, making prompting a flexible interface for adapting models without parameter updates. Yet prompt design remains labor-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Farima Fatahi Bayat , Moin Aminnaseri , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Prompt engineering is a technique that involves augmenting a large pre-trained model with task-specific hints, known as prompts, to adapt the model to new tasks. Prompts can be created manually as natural language instructions or generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Jindong Gu , Zhen Han , Shuo Chen , Ahmad Beirami , Bailan He , Gengyuan Zhang , Ruotong Liao , Yao Qin , Volker Tresp , Philip Torr

Text-to-image (T2I) generation has made significant advances in recent years, but challenges still remain in the generation of perceptual artifacts, misalignment with complex prompts, and safety. The prevailing approach to address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xiaoying Xing , Avinab Saha , Junfeng He , Susan Hao , Paul Vicol , Moonkyung Ryu , Gang Li , Sahil Singla , Sarah Young , Yinxiao Li , Feng Yang , Deepak Ramachandran

The strength of modern generative models lies in their ability to be controlled through text-based prompts. Typical "hard" prompts are made from interpretable words and tokens, and must be hand-crafted by humans. There are also "soft"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yuxin Wen , Neel Jain , John Kirchenbauer , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Diffusion models have emerged as a dominant paradigm for generative modeling across a wide range of domains, including prompt-conditional generation. The vast majority of samplers, however, rely on forward discretization of the reverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhenghan Fang , Jian Zheng , Qiaozi Gao , Xiaofeng Gao , Jeremias Sulam

Text-to-image (T2I) generation has greatly enhanced creative expression, yet achieving preference-aligned generation in a real-time and training-free manner remains challenging. Previous methods often rely on static, pre-collected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yang Li , Songlin Yang , Xiaoxuan Han , Wei Wang , Jing Dong , Yueming Lyu , Ziyu Xue

Learning and improving large language models through human preference feedback has become a mainstream approach, but it has rarely been applied to the field of low-light image enhancement. Existing low-light enhancement evaluations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jun Yin , Yangfan He , Miao Zhang , Pengyu Zeng , Tianyi Wang , Shuai Lu , Xueqian Wang

The text-to-image synthesis by diffusion models has recently shown remarkable performance in generating high-quality images. Although performs well for simple texts, the models may get confused when faced with complex texts that contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Chang Yu , Junran Peng , Xiangyu Zhu , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Qi Tian , Zhen Lei

Deep generative models have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often generate images that are inadequately aligned with text prompts. We propose a fine-tuning method for aligning such…

In-context generation is a key component of large language models' (LLMs) open-task generalization capability. By leveraging a few examples as context, LLMs can perform both in-domain and out-of-domain tasks. Recent advancements in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zeyi Sun , Ziyang Chu , Pan Zhang , Tong Wu , Xiaoyi Dong , Yuhang Zang , Yuanjun Xiong , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

The remarkable success of pretrained language models has motivated the study of what kinds of knowledge these models learn during pretraining. Reformulating tasks as fill-in-the-blanks problems (e.g., cloze tests) is a natural approach for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Taylor Shin , Yasaman Razeghi , Robert L. Logan , Eric Wallace , Sameer Singh

Reinforcement learning (RL) has improved guided image generation with diffusion models by directly optimizing rewards that capture image quality, aesthetics, and instruction following capabilities. However, the resulting generative policies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Owen Oertell , Jonathan D. Chang , Yiyi Zhang , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

Text-to-image generative models often struggle with long prompts detailing complex scenes, diverse objects with distinct visual characteristics and spatial relationships. In this work, we propose SCoPE (Scheduled interpolation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ketan Suhaas Saichandran , Xavier Thomas , Prakhar Kaushik , Deepti Ghadiyaram

In this work, we propose Reinforced Functional Token Tuning (RFTT), a novel reinforced fine-tuning framework that empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with self-play learn-to-reason capabilities. Unlike prior prompt-driven reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Baisheng Lai , Jiaxing Huang , Wenkai Fang , Dacheng Tao , Mingli Song , Shunyu Liu

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made significant progress in image classification by training with large-scale paired image-text data. Their performances largely depend on the prompt quality. While recent methods show that visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Xiangyan Qu , Gaopeng Gou , Jiamin Zhuang , Jing Yu , Kun Song , Qihao Wang , Yili Li , Gang Xiong

Recent works have demonstrated that using reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple quality rewards can improve the quality of generated images in text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, manually adjusting reward weights poses challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Seung Hyun Lee , Yinxiao Li , Junjie Ke , Innfarn Yoo , Han Zhang , Jiahui Yu , Qifei Wang , Fei Deng , Glenn Entis , Junfeng He , Gang Li , Sangpil Kim , Irfan Essa , Feng Yang

We present a comprehensive solution to learn and improve text-to-image models from human preference feedback. To begin with, we build ImageReward -- the first general-purpose text-to-image human preference reward model -- to effectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Jiazheng Xu , Xiao Liu , Yuchen Wu , Yuxuan Tong , Qinkai Li , Ming Ding , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Text-to-motion (T2M) generation aims to control the behavior of a target character via textual descriptions. Leveraging text-motion paired datasets, existing T2M models have achieved impressive performance in generating high-quality motions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiakun Zheng , Ting Xiao , Shiqin Cao , Xinran Li , Zhe Wang , Chenjia Bai

Text-to-Image models, including Stable Diffusion, have significantly improved in generating images that are highly semantically aligned with the given prompts. However, existing models may fail to produce appropriate images for the cultural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Suchae Jeong , Inseong Choi , Youngsik Yun , Jihie Kim

Text-to-image (T2I) generation model has made significant advancements, resulting in high-quality images aligned with an input prompt. However, despite T2I generation's ability to generate fine-grained images, it still faces challenges in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Taekyung Lee , Donggyu Lee , Myungjoo Kang
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