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The distillation of knowledge from Large Language Models (LLMs) into Smaller Language Models (SLMs), preserving the capabilities and performance of LLMs while reducing model size, has played a key role in the proliferation of LLMs. Because…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Henry J. Xie , Jinghan Zhang , Xinhao Zhang , Kunpeng Liu

Large audio-language models (LALMs) can produce expressive speech, yet reliable emotion control remains elusive: conversions often miss the target affect and may degrade linguistic fidelity through refusals, hallucinations, or paraphrase.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Xiutian Zhao , Ismail Rasim Ulgen , Philipp Koehn , Björn Schuller , Berrak Sisman

Interaction with Large Language Models (LLMs) is primarily carried out via prompting. A prompt is a natural language instruction designed to elicit certain behaviour or output from a model. In theory, natural language prompts enable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Michael Desmond , Michelle Brachman

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in robotics, especially for high-level action planning. Meanwhile, many robotics applications involve human supervisors or collaborators. Hence, it is crucial for LLMs to generate socially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Lennart Wachowiak , Andrew Coles , Oya Celiktutan , Gerard Canal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to a wide spectrum of applications, ranging from traditional computing tasks to advanced artificial intelligence (AI) applications. This widespread adoption has spurred extensive research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xu Wang , Cheng Li , Yi Chang , Jindong Wang , Yuan Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming widely used to support various workflows across different disciplines, yet their potential in discrete choice modelling remains relatively unexplored. This work examines the potential of LLMs as…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-18 Georges Sfeir , Gabriel Nova , Stephane Hess , Sander van Cranenburgh

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various fields, including natural language processing and automated dialogue systems. This paper explores the application of LLMs in psychological counseling, addressing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Wenjie Li , Tianyu Sun , Kun Qian , Wenhong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in healthcare, yet their communicative alignment with clinical standards remains insufficiently quantified. We conduct a multidimensional evaluation of general-purpose and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Mariano Barone , Francesco Di Serio , Roberto Moio , Marco Postiglione , Giuseppe Riccio , Antonio Romano , Vincenzo Moscato

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, exhibit advanced capabilities in generating text, images, and videos. However, their effective use remains constrained by challenges in prompt formulation, personalization, and opaque…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Si Thu , A. Baki Kocaballi

Large language models (LLMs) require precise behavior control for safe and effective deployment across diverse applications. Activation steering offers a promising approach for LLMs' behavioral control. We focus on the question of how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tetiana Bas , Krystian Novak

Human communication is motivated: people speak, write, and create content with a particular communicative intent in mind. As a result, information that large language models (LLMs) and AI agents process is inherently framed by humans'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Addison J. Wu , Ryan Liu , Kerem Oktar , Theodore R. Sumers , Thomas L. Griffiths

In the era of rapid digital communication, vast amounts of textual data are generated daily, demanding efficient methods for latent content analysis to extract meaningful insights. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential for automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ljubisa Bojic , Olga Zagovora , Asta Zelenkauskaite , Vuk Vukovic , Milan Cabarkapa , Selma Veseljević Jerkovic , Ana Jovančevic

Predicting human decision-making in high-stakes environments remains a central challenge for artificial intelligence. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong general reasoning, they often struggle to generate consistent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ben Yellin , Ehud Ezra , Mark Foreman , Shula Grinapol

Annotating and recognizing speech emotion using prompt engineering has recently emerged with the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its efficacy and reliability remain questionable. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Yuan Gong , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

Driven by the demand for personalized AI systems, there is growing interest in aligning the behavior of large language models (LLMs) with human traits such as personality. Previous attempts to induce personality in LLMs have shown promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Seungjong Sun , Seo Yeon Baek , Jang Hyun Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have offered new opportunities for emotional support, and recent work has shown that they can produce empathic responses to people in distress. However, long-term mental well-being requires emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Hongli Zhan , Allen Zheng , Yoon Kyung Lee , Jina Suh , Junyi Jessy Li , Desmond C. Ong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are already as persuasive as humans. However, we know very little about how they do it. This paper investigates the persuasion strategies of LLMs, comparing them with human-generated arguments. Using a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Carlos Carrasco-Farre

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have resulted in increasingly anthropomorphic language concerning the ability of LLMs to reason. Whether reasoning in LLMs should be understood to be inherently different is, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Bertram Højer , Oliver Jarvis , Stefan Heinrich

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various information-seeking and reasoning tasks. These computational systems drive state-of-the-art dialogue systems, such as ChatGPT and Bard. They also carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Siyuan Brandon Loh , Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved natural language understanding and generation, enhancing Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). However, LLMs are limited to unimodal text processing and lack the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Chenxi Li