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In this paper, we study the stochastic Hamiltonian flow in Wasserstein manifold, the probability density space equipped with $L^2$-Wasserstein metric tensor, via the Wong--Zakai approximation. We begin our investigation by showing that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-01 Jianbo Cui , Shu Liu , Haomin Zhou

The Normalizing Flow (NF) models a general probability density by estimating an invertible transformation applied on samples drawn from a known distribution. We introduce a new type of NF, called Deep Diffeomorphic Normalizing Flow (DDNF).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-26 Hadi Salman , Payman Yadollahpour , Tom Fletcher , Kayhan Batmanghelich

The Fokker-Planck equation can be reformulated as a continuity equation, which naturally suggests using the associated velocity field in particle flow methods. While the resulting probability flow ODE offers appealing properties - such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-28 Ilja Klebanov

Wasserstein Barycenter is a principled approach to represent the weighted mean of a given set of probability distributions, utilizing the geometry induced by optimal transport. In this work, we present a novel scalable algorithm to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Jiaojiao Fan , Amirhossein Taghvaei , Yongxin Chen

We propose a mathematically principled PDE gradient flow framework for distributionally robust optimization (DRO). Exploiting the recent advances in the intersection of Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling and gradient flow theory, we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Zusen Xu , Jia-Jie Zhu

Many applications in machine learning involve data represented as probability distributions. The emergence of such data requires radically novel techniques to design tractable gradient flows on probability distributions over this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Clément Bonet , Christophe Vauthier , Anna Korba

Statistical surrogate modeling of fluid flows is hard because dynamics are multiscale and highly sensitive to initial conditions. Conditional diffusion surrogates can be accurate, but usually need hundreds of stochastic sampling steps. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Victor Armegioiu , Yannick Ramic , Siddhartha Mishra

A one dimensional fractional diffusion model with the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is studied. First, a second order discretization for this derivative is presented and then an unconditionally stable weighted average finite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2011-09-13 Ercília Sousa , Can Li

Diffusion and flow-based models are ubiquitously used for generative modelling and density estimation. They admit a deterministic probability flow ordinary differential equation (PF-ODE), analogous to continuous normalizing flows (CNFs),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Gurjeet Jagwani , Stephen Thorp , Sinan Deger , Hiranya Peiris

We provide new convergence guarantees in Wasserstein distance for diffusion-based generative models, covering both stochastic (DDPM-like) and deterministic (DDIM-like) sampling methods. We introduce a simple framework to analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Eliot Beyler , Francis Bach

Normalizing flows model a complex target distribution in terms of a bijective transform operating on a simple base distribution. As such, they enable tractable computation of a number of important statistical quantities, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Chandramouli Shama Sastry , Andreas Lehrmann , Marcus Brubaker , Alexander Radovic

We introduce an ordinary differential equation (ODE) based deep generative method for learning conditional distributions, named Conditional F\"ollmer Flow. Starting from a standard Gaussian distribution, the proposed flow could approximate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-14 Jinyuan Chang , Zhao Ding , Yuling Jiao , Ruoxuan Li , Jerry Zhijian Yang

Algorithms based on discretizing Langevin diffusion are popular tools for sampling from high-dimensional distributions. We develop novel connections between such Monte Carlo algorithms, the theory of Wasserstein gradient flow, and the…

Computation · Statistics 2019-05-13 Espen Bernton

This study presents a Bayesian spectral density approach for identification and uncertainty quantification of flutter derivatives of bridge sections utilizing buffeting displacement responses, where the wind tunnel test is conducted in…

Applications · Statistics 2022-01-19 Xiaolei Chu , Wei Cui , Peng Liu , Lin Zhao , Yaojun Ge

Wasserstein-Fisher-Rao (WFR) gradient flows have been recently proposed as a powerful sampling tool that combines the advantages of pure Wasserstein (W) and pure Fisher-Rao (FR) gradient flows. Existing algorithmic developments implicitly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Francesca Romana Crucinio , Sahani Pathiraja

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck system of equations used to model ionic transport is interpreted as a gradient flow for the Wasserstein distance and a free energy in the space of probability measures with finite second moment. A variational…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-09-08 David Kinderlehrer , Léonard Monsaingeon , Xiang Xu

Recently, Deng et al. (2026) proposed Generative Modeling via Drifting (GMD), a novel framework for generative tasks. This note presents an analysis of GMD through the lens of Wasserstein Gradient Flows (WGF), i.e., the path of steepest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Arthur Gretton , Li Kevin Wenliang , Alexandre Galashov , James Thornton , Valentin De Bortoli , Arnaud Doucet

We introduce in this work the normalizing field flows (NFF) for learning random fields from scattered measurements. More precisely, we construct a bijective transformation (a normalizing flow characterizing by neural networks) between a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Ling Guo , Hao Wu , Tao Zhou

Flow matching has recently emerged as a flexible and efficient framework for generative modelling by learning deterministic transport dynamics between probability measures. In this work, we extend flow matching to the space of probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Moritz Piening , Richard Duong , Gabriele Steidl

We provide the first polynomial-time convergence guarantees for the probability flow ODE implementation (together with a corrector step) of score-based generative modeling. Our analysis is carried out in the wake of recent results obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Sitan Chen , Sinho Chewi , Holden Lee , Yuanzhi Li , Jianfeng Lu , Adil Salim