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Synthetic Data Generation (SDG), leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), has recently been recognized and broadly adopted as an effective approach to improve the performance of smaller but more resource and compute efficient LLMs through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Srideepika Jayaraman , Achille Fokoue , Dhaval Patel , Jayant Kalagnanam

The adaptation of large language models (LLMs) to time series forecasting poses unique challenges, as time series data is continuous in nature, while LLMs operate on discrete tokens. Despite the success of LLMs in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Taibiao Zhao , Xiaobing Chen , Mingxuan Sun

Deep learning has contributed remarkably to the advancement of time series analysis. Still, deep models can encounter performance bottlenecks in real-world data-scarce scenarios, which can be concealed due to the performance saturation with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Yong Liu , Haoran Zhang , Chenyu Li , Xiangdong Huang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Temporally indexed data are essential in a wide range of fields and of interest to machine learning researchers. Time series data, however, are often scarce or highly sensitive, which precludes the sharing of data between researchers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Alexander Nikitin , Letizia Iannucci , Samuel Kaski

Time series analysis is crucial for understanding dynamics of complex systems. Recent advances in foundation models have led to task-agnostic Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) and Large Language Model-based Time Series Models (TSLLMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Xu Liu , Taha Aksu , Juncheng Liu , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo , Junnan Li , Chenghao Liu

Simultaneous generation models write generation results while reading streaming inputs, necessitating a policy-maker to determine the appropriate output timing. Existing simultaneous generation methods generally adopt the traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Shoutao Guo , Shaolei Zhang , Zhengrui Ma , Yang Feng

Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in text-to-SQL reasoning tasks, yet a substantial performance gap persists between existing open-source models and their closed-source counterparts. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yu Guo , Dong Jin , Shenghao Ye , Shuangwu Chen , Jian Yang , Xiaobin Tan

Time series modeling holds significant importance in many real-world applications and has been extensively studied. While pre-trained foundation models have made impressive strides in the fields of natural language processing (NLP) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Juyuan Zhang , Wei Zhu , Jiechao Gao

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in performing various tasks and thus are applied by recent studies to time series forecasting (TSF) tasks, which predict future values with the given historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chen Su , Yuanhe Tian , Qinyu Liu , Jun Zhang , Yan Song

Discrete Token Modeling (DTM), which employs vector quantization techniques, has demonstrated remarkable success in modeling non-natural language modalities, particularly in time series generation. While our prior work SDformer established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shibo Feng , Zhicheng Chen , Xi Xiao , Zhong Zhang , Qing Li , Xingyu Gao , Peilin Zhao

Multivariate time series forecasting requires models to simultaneously capture variable-wise structural dependencies and generalize across diverse tasks. While structural encoders are effective in modeling feature interactions, they lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Fengze Li , Yue Wang , Yangle Liu , Ming Huang , Dou Hong , Jieming Ma

Conventional forecasting methods rely on unimodal time series data, limiting their ability to exploit rich textual information. Recently, large language models (LLMs) and time series foundation models (TSFMs) have demonstrated powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Chengsen Wang , Qi Qi , Zhongwen Rao , Lujia Pan , Jingyu Wang , Jianxin Liao

Long-term time series forecasting in centralized environments poses unique challenges regarding data privacy, communication overhead, and scalability. To address these challenges, we propose FedTime, a federated large language model (LLM)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Raed Abdel-Sater , A. Ben Hamza

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate large amounts of knowledge and take enormous amounts of compute to train. We make use of this resource, together with the observation that LLMs are able to transfer knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Malcolm L. Wolff , Shenghao Yang , Kari Torkkola , Michael W. Mahoney

Time series forecasting remains a challenging task, particularly in the context of complex multiscale temporal patterns. This study presents LLM-Mixer, a framework that improves forecasting accuracy through the combination of multiscale…

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Time series generation is a crucial research topic in the area of decision-making systems, which can be particularly important in domains like autonomous driving, healthcare, and, notably, robotics. Recent approaches focus on learning in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Jian Qian , Bingyu Xie , Biao Wan , Minhao Li , Miao Sun , Patrick Yin Chiang

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) is critically dependent on the availability of high-quality datasets for Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), alignment tasks like Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), etc. In this work, we present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Bidyapati Pradhan , Surajit Dasgupta , Amit Kumar Saha , Omkar Anustoop , Sriram Puttagunta , Vipul Mittal , Gopal Sarda

Time series forecasting plays a significant role in finance, energy, meteorology, and IoT applications. Recent studies have leveraged the generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to adapt to time series forecasting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hao Liu , Xiaoxing Zhang , Chun Yang , Xiaobin Zhu

Time-series data are critical in diverse applications, such as industrial monitoring, medical diagnostics, and climate research. However, effectively integrating these high-dimensional temporal signals with natural language for dynamic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yilin Wang , Peixuan Lei , Jie Song , Yuzhe Hao , Tao Chen , Yuxuan Zhang , Lei Jia , Yuanxiang Li , Zhongyu Wei
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