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Since the resurgence of deep learning, vision-language models (VLMs) enhanced by large language models (LLMs) have grown exponentially in popularity. However, while LLMs can utilize extensive background knowledge and task information with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Haozhe Zhao , Zefan Cai , Shuzheng Si , Xiaojian Ma , Kaikai An , Liang Chen , Zixuan Liu , Sheng Wang , Wenjuan Han , Baobao Chang

Following the success of Large Language Models (LLMs), Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), such as the Flamingo model and its subsequent competitors, have started to emerge as natural steps towards generalist agents. However, interacting with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Mustafa Shukor , Alexandre Rame , Corentin Dancette , Matthieu Cord

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable success in extensive tasks primarily attributed to self-attention mechanism, which requires a token to consider all preceding tokens as its context to compute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yaofo Chen , Zeng You , Shuhai Zhang , Haokun Li , Yirui Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. These capabilities stem primarily from the self-attention mechanism, which enables modeling of long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Shuhai Zhang , Zhijie Qiu , Tingyu Wu , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate an impressive ability to utilise information within the context of their input sequences to appropriately respond to data unseen by the LLM during its training procedure. This ability is known as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Thomas F Burns , Tomoki Fukai , Christopher J Earls

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate emergent in-context learning capabilities, where they adapt to new tasks based on example demonstrations. However, in-context learning has seen limited effectiveness in many settings, is difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Sheng Liu , Haotian Ye , Lei Xing , James Zou

In-context learning (ICL) facilitates Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibiting emergent ability on downstream tasks without updating billions of parameters. However, in the area of multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), two problems…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jun Gao , Qian Qiao , Ziqiang Cao , Zili Wang , Wenjie Li

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically involves updating at least a few billions of parameters. A more parameter-efficient approach is Prompt Tuning (PT), which updates only a few learnable tokens, and differently, In-Context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Tsachi Blau , Moshe Kimhi , Yonatan Belinkov , Alexander Bronstein , Chaim Baskin

In-Context Learning (ICL) allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks with just a few examples, but their predictions often suffer from systematic biases, leading to unstable performance in classification. While calibration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Korel Gundem , Juncheng Dong , Dennis Zhang , Vahid Tarokh , Zhengling Qi

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has enhanced our ability to process and generate human language and visual information. However, these models often struggle with complex,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yangshu Yuan , Heng Chen , Xinyi Jiang , Christian Ng , Kexin Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit In-Context Learning (ICL), which enables the model to perform new tasks conditioning only on the examples provided in the context without updating the model's weights. While ICL offers fast adaptation…

Multi-task ``vision-language-action'' (VLA) models have recently demonstrated increasing promise as generalist foundation models for robotics, achieving non-trivial performance out of the box on new tasks in new environments. However, for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kaustubh Sridhar , Souradeep Dutta , Dinesh Jayaraman , Insup Lee

Vision-language models (VLMs) are commonly trained by directly inserting image tokens from a pretrained vision encoder into the text stream of a language model. This allows text and image information to fully attend to one another within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Moritz Böhle , Amélie Royer , Juliette Marrie , Edouard Grave , Patrick Pérez

This work examines whether decoder-only Transformers such as LLaMA, which were originally designed for large language models (LLMs), can be adapted to the computer vision field. We first "LLaMAfy" a standard ViT step-by-step to align with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiahao Wang , Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Chengyue Wu , Yong Liu , Taiqiang Wu , Kaipeng Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen , Ping Luo

Large language models (LLM) in natural language processing (NLP) have demonstrated great potential for in-context learning (ICL) -- the ability to leverage a few sets of example prompts to adapt to various tasks without having to explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Trevine Oorloff , Vishwanath Sindagi , Wele Gedara Chaminda Bandara , Ali Shafahi , Amin Ghiasi , Charan Prakash , Reza Ardekani

In-context Learning (ICL) utilizes structured demonstration-query inputs to induce few-shot learning on Language Models (LMs), which are not originally pre-trained on ICL-style data. To bridge the gap between ICL and pre-training, some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hakaze Cho , Peng Luo , Mariko Kato , Rin Kaenbyou , Naoya Inoue

The emergence of in-context learning (ICL) enables large pre-trained language models (PLMs) to make predictions for unseen inputs without updating parameters. Despite its potential, ICL's effectiveness heavily relies on the quality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xiaoling Zhou , Wei Ye , Yidong Wang , Chaoya Jiang , Zhemg Lee , Rui Xie , Shikun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) with in-context learning (ICL) ability can quickly adapt to a specific context given a few demonstrations (demos). Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) built upon LLMs have also shown multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shuo Chen , Zhen Han , Bailan He , Jianzhe Liu , Mark Buckley , Yao Qin , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu

Existing continual learning (CL) methods mainly rely on fine-tuning or adapting large language models (LLMs). They still suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF). Little work has been done to exploit in-context learning (ICL) to leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Saleh Momeni , Sahisnu Mazumder , Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu

In-context learning (ICL) is a recent advancement in the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). This feature allows users to perform a new task without updating the model. Concretely, users can address tasks during the inference time…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang