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While Large Language Models have transformed how we interact with AI systems, they suffer from a critical flaw: they confidently generate false information that sounds entirely plausible. This hallucination problem has become a major…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Piyushkumar Patel

Factuality evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires decomposing text into discrete "atomic" facts. However, existing definitions of atomicity are underspecified, with empirical results showing high disagreement among…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Manuel Schmidt , Daniel A. Keim , Frederik L. Dennig

Separating disinformation from fact on the web has long challenged both the search and the reasoning powers of humans. We show that the reasoning power of large language models (LLMs) and the retrieval power of modern search engines can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Christopher Malon

Large language models (LLMs) show strong reasoning abilities across diverse tasks, yet their performance on extended contexts remains inconsistent. While prior research has emphasized mid-context degradation in question answering, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Pietro Bernardelle , Stefano Civelli , Kevin Roitero , Gianluca Demartini

As LLMs are deployed in high-stakes settings, users must judge the correctness of individual responses, often relying on model-generated justifications such as reasoning chains or explanations. Yet, no standard measure exists for whether…

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate, impeding their reliability in mission-critical situations. One approach to address this issue is to provide citations to relevant sources alongside generated content, enhancing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Rami Aly , Zhiqiang Tang , Samson Tan , George Karypis

Quantized Large Language Models (LLMs) are used more often in qualitative analysis because they run fast and need fewer computing resources. This study examines how different lower bits quantization levels (8-bit, 4-bit, 3-bit, and 2-bit)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Aisvarya Adeseye , Jouni Isoaho , Adeyemi Adeseye

Misinformation and disinformation demand fact checking that goes beyond simple evidence-based reasoning. Existing benchmarks fall short: they are largely single modality (text-only), span short time horizons, use shallow evidence, cover…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Wenyan Xu , Dawei Xiang , Tianqi Ding , Weihai Lu

As multimodal large language models (MLLMs) frequently exhibit errors in complex video reasoning scenarios, correcting these errors is critical for uncovering their weaknesses and improving performance. However, existing benchmarks lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Xusen Hei , Jiali Chen , Jinyu Yang , Mengchen Zhao , Yi Cai

Modern LLMs can now produce highly readable abstractive summaries, to the point that traditional automated metrics for evaluating summary quality, such as ROUGE, have saturated. However, LLMs still sometimes introduce inaccuracies into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Sanjana Ramprasad , Byron C. Wallace

The performance of text summarization has been greatly boosted by pre-trained language models. A main concern of existing methods is that most generated summaries are not factually inconsistent with their source documents. To alleviate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Zheheng Luo , Qianqian Xie , Sophia Ananiadou

The rise of misinformation, exacerbated by Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and Gemini, demands robust fact-checking solutions, especially for low-resource languages like Vietnamese. Existing methods struggle with semantic ambiguity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dien X. Tran , Nam V. Nguyen , Thanh T. Tran , Anh T. Hoang , Tai V. Duong , Di T. Le , Phuc-Lu Le

Large Language Models (LLMs) tend to be unreliable in the factuality of their answers. To address this problem, NLP researchers have proposed a range of techniques to estimate LLM's confidence over facts. However, due to the lack of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Matéo Mahaut , Laura Aina , Paula Czarnowska , Momchil Hardalov , Thomas Müller , Lluís Màrquez

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable general reasoning capabilities. However, systematically evaluating and enhancing these reasoning capabilities is challenging due to the lack of controllable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yanxiao Zhao , Yaqian Li , Zihao Bo , Rinyoichi Takezoe , Haojia Hui , Mo Guang , Lei Ren , Xiaolin Qin , Kaiwen Long

Extracting patient information from unstructured text is a critical task in health decision-support and clinical research. Large language models (LLMs) have shown the potential to accelerate clinical curation via few-shot in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Zelalem Gero , Chandan Singh , Hao Cheng , Tristan Naumann , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Hoifung Poon

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) carry the potential to support humans in processing vast amounts of information. While MLLMs are already being used as a fact-checking tool, their abilities and limitations in this regard are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Jiahui Geng , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Preslav Nakov , Iryna Gurevych

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded a new heatwave of AI for their ability to engage end-users in human-level conversations with detailed and articulate answers across many knowledge domains. In response to their fast adoption in…

Despite the growing development of long-context large language models (LLMs), data-centric approaches relying on synthetic data have been hindered by issues related to faithfulness, which limit their effectiveness in enhancing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Cehao Yang , Xueyuan Lin , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Shengjie Ma , Aofan Liu , Hui Xiong , Jian Guo

Large language models for code generation increasingly rely on synthetic data, where both problem solutions and verification tests are generated by models. While this enables scalable data creation, it introduces a previously unexplored…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Srishti Gureja , Elena Tommasone , Jingyi He , Sara Hooker , Matthias Gallé , Marzieh Fadaee

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive results across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet they can often produce factually incorrect outputs. This paper introduces a simple but effective low-latency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Changmao Li , Jeffrey Flanigan