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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) expands the knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet current static retrieval methods struggle with complex, multi-hop problems. While recent dynamic retrieval strategies offer improvements, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Haijian Liang , Zenghao Niu , Junjie Wu , Changwang Zhang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Jun Wang

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) face inherent limitations due to their pre-defined context lengths, which impede their capacity for multi-hop reasoning within extensive textual contexts. While existing techniques like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Weizhi Fei , Xueyan Niu , Guoqing Xie , Yanhua Zhang , Bo Bai , Lei Deng , Wei Han

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively grounds Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge and is widely applied to Web-related tasks. However, its scalability is hindered by excessive context length and redundant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yunhao Liu , Zian Jia , Xinyu Gao , Kanjun Xu , Yun Xiong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the knowledge-intensive tasks such as Question-Answering (QA). RAG expands the query context by incorporating external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zijian Hei , Weiling Liu , Wenjie Ou , Juyi Qiao , Junming Jiao , Guowen Song , Ting Tian , Yi Lin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the reliability of large language models (LLMs) by addressing issues like hallucinations, outdated knowledge, and domain adaptation. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Junxi Yan , Changyue Wang , Hongning Wang , Ziyi Ye , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user queries. These systems, however, remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Huichi Zhou , Kin-Hei Lee , Zhonghao Zhan , Yue Chen , Zhenhao Li , Zhaoyang Wang , Hamed Haddadi , Emine Yilmaz

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems can effectively mitigate the hallucination problem of large language models (LLMs),but they also possess inherent vulnerabilities. Identifying these weaknesses before the large-scale real-world…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hongru Song , Yu-an Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Yixing Fan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly recognized as an effective approach to mitigating the hallucination of large language models (LLMs) through the integration of external knowledge. While numerous efforts, most studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shuo Yu , Mingyue Cheng , Qi Liu , Daoyu Wang , Jiqian Yang , Jie Ouyang , Yucong Luo , Chenyi Lei , Enhong Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework to improve factuality in large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in retrieved documents. However, ensuring perfect retrieval of relevant information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zhan Peng Lee , Andre Lin , Calvin Tan

With the rapid growth of scientific literature, scientific question answering (SciQA) has become increasingly critical for exploring and utilizing scientific knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances LLMs by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Haotian Chen , Qingqing Long , Siyu Pu , Xiao Luo , Wei Ju , Meng Xiao , Yuanchun Zhou , Jianghua Zhao , Xuezhi Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a powerful paradigm for enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning tasks. Recent advances indicate that integrating RL with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) allows LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Wentao Jiang , Xiang Feng , Zengmao Wang , Yong Luo , Pingbo Xu , Zhe Chen , Bo Du , Jing Zhang

Search agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in tackling knowledge-intensive tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training these agents to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shiyu Li , Yang Tang , Yifan Wang , Peiming Li , Xi Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems trained using reinforcement learning (RL) with reasoning are hampered by inefficient context management, where long, noisy retrieved documents increase costs and degrade performance. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhichao Xu , Minheng Wang , Yawei Wang , Wenqian Ye , Yuntao Du , Yunpu Ma , Yijun Tian

Automated short answer grading (ASAG) is critical for scaling educational assessment, yet large language models (LLMs) often struggle with hallucinations and strict rubric adherence due to their reliance on generalized pre-training. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yucheng Chu , Haoyu Han , Shen Dong , Hang Li , Kaiqi Yang , Yasemin Copur-Gencturk , Joseph Krajcik , Namsoo Shin , Hui Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) prevails in Large Language Models. It mainly consists of retrieval and generation. The retrieval modules (a.k.a. retrievers) aim to find useful information used to facilitate the generation modules…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xinping Zhao , Yan Zhong , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often struggle with imperfect retrieval, as traditional retrievers focus on lexical or semantic similarity rather than logical relevance. To address this, we propose \textbf{HopRAG}, a novel RAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hao Liu , Zhengren Wang , Xi Chen , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Qinhan Yu , Wentao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various applications. However, their use as writing assistants in specialized domains like finance, medicine, and law is often hampered by a lack of deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Song Mao , Lejun Cheng , Pinlong Cai , Guohang Yan , Ding Wang , Botian Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are prone to generating hallucinated or outdated content due to their static internal knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrated with Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhiwen Tan , Jiaming Huang , Qintong Wu , Hongxuan Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Long-tail question answering presents significant challenges for large language models (LLMs) due to their limited ability to acquire and accurately recall less common knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have shown great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yiming Zhang , Siyue Zhang , Junbo Zhao , Chen Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from hallucination, generating factually incorrect statements when handling questions beyond their knowledge and perception. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) addresses this by retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shengyuan Chen , Chuang Zhou , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Zeyang Cui , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Jiannong Cao , Xiao Huang