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Cell-level dense prediction is central to computational pathology, but remains challenging due to fine-grained histological structures, strong domain shifts, and costly dense annotations. Existing ViT-based pathology foundation models rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weiming Chen , Xitong Ling , Zhenyang Cai , Xidong Wang , Jiawen Li , Tian Guan , Benyou Wang , Yonghong He

Understanding and accurately predicting hydrogen diffusion in materials is challenging due to the complex interactions between hydrogen defects and the crystal lattice. These interactions span large length and time scales, making them…

Post-training pretrained autoregressive models (ARMs) into masked diffusion models (MDMs) has emerged as a cost-effective way to overcome the limitations of sequential generation. Yet it remains unclear whether post-trained MDMs acquire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Injin Kong , Hyoungjoon Lee , Yohan Jo

Deep Metric Learning (DML) methods have been proven relevant for visual similarity learning. However, they sometimes lack generalization properties because they are trained often using an inappropriate sample selection strategy or due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Jorge Gonzalez-Zapata , Ivan Reyes-Amezcua , Daniel Flores-Araiza , Mauricio Mendez-Ruiz , Gilberto Ochoa-Ruiz , Andres Mendez-Vazquez

Diffusion language models have recently emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive language models. Beyond next-token generation, they are more efficient and flexible by enabling parallel and any-order token generation. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chenxiao Yang , Cai Zhou , David Wipf , Zhiyuan Li

With the rapid progress of diffusion-based content generation, significant efforts are being made to unlearn harmful or copyrighted concepts from pretrained diffusion models (DMs) to prevent potential model misuse. However, it is observed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Hongcheng Gao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Taihang Hu , Zhijie Deng , Min Lin

Discrete diffusion models (DMs) have achieved strong performance in language and other discrete domains, offering a compelling alternative to autoregressive modeling. Yet this performance typically depends on large training datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Julian Kleutgens , Claudio Battiloro , Lingkai Kong , Benjamin Grewe , Francesca Dominici , Mauricio Tec

The performance of pre-trained masked diffusion models is often constrained by their sampling procedure, which makes decisions irreversible and struggles in low-step generation regimes. We introduce a novel sampling algorithm that works…

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) enable parallel decoding by predicting all masked positions at each denoising step, yet existing training-free samplers usually decide which positions to commit at token-level granularity. We revisit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Heqiang Qi , Wei Huang , Mingyuan Bai , Xiangming Meng

Diffusion models are increasingly used as powerful conditional generators, yet real deployments often involve multiple target distributions arising from different tasks, e.g., diverse prompt domains in text-to-image generation, or multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ziheng Cheng , Yixiao Huang , Hanlin Zhu , Haoran Geng , Somayeh Sojoudi , Jitendra Malik , Pieter Abbeel , Xin Guo

Latent space Energy-Based Models (EBMs), also known as energy-based priors, have drawn growing interests in generative modeling. Fueled by its flexibility in the formulation and strong modeling power of the latent space, recent works built…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Peiyu Yu , Sirui Xie , Xiaojian Ma , Baoxiong Jia , Bo Pang , Ruiqi Gao , Yixin Zhu , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

The modern autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved outstanding performance on NLP benchmarks, and they are deployed in the real world. However, they still suffer from limitations of the autoregressive training paradigm.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

While state-of-the-art language models achieve impressive results through next-token prediction, they have inherent limitations such as the inability to revise already generated tokens. This has prompted exploration of alternative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Dimitri von Rütte , Janis Fluri , Yuhui Ding , Antonio Orvieto , Bernhard Schölkopf , Thomas Hofmann

Molecular property prediction constitutes a cornerstone of drug discovery and materials science, necessitating models capable of disentangling complex structure-property relationships across diverse molecular modalities. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Long Xu , Junping Guo , Jianbo Zhao , Jianbo Lu , Yuzhong Peng

Masked diffusion language models (MDMs) have recently gained traction as a viable generative framework for natural language. This can be attributed to its scalability and ease of training compared to other diffusion model paradigms for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tejomay Kishor Padole , Suyash P Awate , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Generative data augmentation with latent diffusion models is a promising strategy for addressing class imbalance in medical imaging, yet current approaches focus on perceptual fidelity and domain-specific autoencoder fine-tuning while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mischa Dombrowski , Felix Nützel , Bernhard Kainz

Molecule generation, especially generating 3D molecular geometries from scratch (i.e., 3D \textit{de novo} generation), has become a fundamental task in drug designs. Existing diffusion-based 3D molecule generation methods could suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Lei Huang , Hengtong Zhang , Tingyang Xu , Ka-Chun Wong

Masked diffusion models (MDM) exhibit superior generalization when learned using a Partial masking scheme (Prime). This approach converts tokens into sub-tokens and models the diffusion process at the sub-token level. We identify two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chen-Hao Chao , Wei-Fang Sun , Junwei Quan , Chun-Yi Lee , Rahul G. Krishnan

Learning complex distributions is a fundamental challenge in contemporary applications. Shen and Meinshausen (2024) introduced engression, a generative approach based on scoring rules that maps noise (and covariates, if available) directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xinwei Shen , Nicolai Meinshausen , Tong Zhang

Diffusion models (DMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results for image synthesis tasks as well as density estimation. Applied in the latent space of a powerful pretrained autoencoder (LDM), their immense computational requirements can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Jeremias Traub