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We propose ControlMLLM++, a novel test-time adaptation framework that injects learnable visual prompts into frozen multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to enable fine-grained region-based visual reasoning without any model retraining or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mingrui Wu , Hao Chen , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Liujuan Cao , Ming-Ming Cheng , Rongrong Ji

In this work, we propose a training-free method to inject visual prompts into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) through test-time optimization of a learnable latent variable. We observe that attention, as the core module of MLLMs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Mingrui Wu , Xinyue Cai , Jiayi Ji , Jiale Li , Oucheng Huang , Gen Luo , Hao Fei , Guannan Jiang , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) offer substantial promise for text classification in political science, yet their effectiveness often depends on high-quality prompts and exemplars. To address this, we introduce a three-stage framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Menglin Liu , Ge Shi

With the development of Large Language Models (LLM), numerous prompts have been proposed, each with a rich set of features and their own merits. This paper summarizes the prompt words for large language models (LLMs), categorizing them into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Chenggian Ma , Xiangyu Zhao , Chunhui Zhang , Yanzhao Qin , Wentao Zhang

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding and reasoning about both visual and textual information. However, existing evaluation methods for LVLMs, primarily based on benchmarks like Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xinyu Wang , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

Prompt learning is an effective method to customize Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for various downstream tasks, involving tuning very few parameters of input prompt tokens. Recently, prompt pretraining in large-scale dataset (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhenyuan Chen , Lingfeng Yang , Shuo Chen , Zhaowei Chen , Jiajun Liang , Xiang Li

The Natural Language to Visualization (NL2Vis) task aims to transform natural-language descriptions into visual representations for a grounded table, enabling users to gain insights from vast amounts of data. Recently, many deep…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Yang Wu , Yao Wan , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Wucai Wei , Wei Zhao , Guandong Xu , Hai Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various applications by generating outputs based on given prompts. However, achieving the desired output requires iterative prompt refinement. This paper presents a novel approach that draws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Rupesh Raj Karn

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are markedly proficient in deriving visual representations guided by natural language. Recent explorations have utilized LVLMs to tackle zero-shot visual anomaly detection (VAD) challenges by pairing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jiaqi Zhu , Shaofeng Cai , Fang Deng , Beng Chin Ooi , Junran Wu

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable generalization capabilities via prompting, which leverages VLMs as knowledge bases to extract information beneficial for downstream tasks. However, existing methods primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xiaoyu Qiu , Hao Feng , Yuechen Wang , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Learning from human feedback has shown success in aligning large, pretrained models with human values. Prior works have mostly focused on learning from high-level labels, such as preferences between pairs of model outputs. On the other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Amber Xie , Chin-Yi Cheng , Forrest Huang , Yang Li

In text-to-image person retrieval tasks, the diversity of natural language expressions and the implicitness of visual semantics often lead to the problem of Expression Drift, where semantically equivalent texts exhibit significant feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chao Yuan , Yujian Zhao , Haoxuan Xu , Guanglin Niu

Recent months have seen the emergence of a powerful new trend in which large language models (LLMs) are augmented to become autonomous language agents capable of performing objective oriented multi-step tasks on their own, rather than…

Large language models (LLMs) have made tremendous progress in natural language understanding and they have also been successfully adopted in other domains such as computer vision, robotics, reinforcement learning, etc. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Reza Pourreza , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Sunny Panchal , Mingu Lee , Pulkit Madan , Roland Memisevic

Text-to-image generation has progressed rapidly, but faithfully generating complex scenes requires extensive trial-and-error to find the exact prompt. In the prompt inversion task, the goal is to recover a textual prompt that can faithfully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Asaf Buchnick , Aviv Shamsian , Aviv Navon , Ethan Fetaya

Recently, advanced large language models (LLMs) have emerged at an increasingly rapid pace. However, when faced with complex problems, most users are often unable to provide accurate and effective prompts to interact with LLMs, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenjin Liu , Haoran Luo , Xueyuan Lin , Haoming Liu , Tiesunlong Shen , Jiapu Wang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in learning algorithms, evaluations, and optimization tasks. Recent studies have shown that using LLM-based optimizers to automatically optimize model prompts, demonstrations, predictions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Guowei Xu , Mert Yuksekgonul , Carlos Guestrin , James Zou

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive abilities for multimodal content comprehension and reasoning with proper prompting in zero- or few-shot settings. Despite the proliferation of interactive systems developed to support…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jianben He , Xingbo Wang , Shiyi Liu , Guande Wu , Claudio Silva , Huamin Qu

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang

The evolution of Text-to-video (T2V) generative models, trained on large-scale datasets, has been marked by significant progress. However, the sensitivity of T2V generative models to input prompts highlights the critical role of prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Bingjie Gao , Xinyu Gao , Xiaoxue Wu , Yujie Zhou , Yu Qiao , Li Niu , Xinyuan Chen , Yaohui Wang