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Large language models (LLMs) have witnessed a meteoric rise in popularity among the general public users over the past few months, facilitating diverse downstream tasks with human-level accuracy and proficiency. Prompts play an essential…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Hongwei Yao , Jian Lou , Kui Ren , Zhan Qin

In federated learning (FL), $K$ clients jointly train a model without sharing raw data. Because each participant invests data and compute, clients need mechanisms to later prove the provenance of a jointly trained model. Model watermarking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tameem Bakr , Anish Ambreth , Nils Lukas

Watermarking has become a practical tool for tracing language model outputs, but it modifies token probabilities at inference time, which were carefully tuned by alignment training. This creates a tension: how do watermark-induced shifts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Apurv Verma , NhatHai Phan , Shubhendu Trivedi

We present a method for developing navigation policies for multi-robot teams that interpret and follow natural language instructions. We condition these policies on embeddings from pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs), and train them via…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Steven Morad , Ajay Shankar , Jan Blumenkamp , Amanda Prorok

Detecting machine-generated text is essential for transparency and accountability when deploying large language models (LLMs). Among detection approaches, watermarking is a statistically reliable method by design -- it embeds detectable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Koshiro Saito , Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

A recent watermarking scheme for language models achieves distortion-free embedding and robustness to edit-distance attacks. However, it suffers from limited generation diversity and high detection overhead. In parallel, recent research has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yangkun Wang , Jingbo Shang

This paper presents a novel training method, Conditional Masked Language Modeling (CMLM), to effectively learn sentence representations on large scale unlabeled corpora. CMLM integrates sentence representation learning into MLM training by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Ziyi Yang , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Jax Law , Eric Darve

Digital watermarking is a promising solution for mitigating some of the risks arising from the misuse of automatically generated text. These approaches either embed non-specific watermarks to allow for the detection of any text generated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zihao Fu , Chris Russell

Speech watermarking techniques can proactively mitigate the potential harmful consequences of instant voice cloning techniques. These techniques involve the insertion of signals into speech that are imperceptible to humans but can be…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-19 Shengpeng Ji , Ziyue Jiang , Jialong Zuo , Minghui Fang , Yifu Chen , Tao Jin , Zhou Zhao

With the increasing use of large-language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, watermarking has emerged as a promising approach for tracing machine-generated content. However, research on LLM watermarking often relies on simple perplexity or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Karanpartap Singh , James Zou

Machine learning (ML) models are applied in an increasing variety of domains. The availability of large amounts of data and computational resources encourages the development of ever more complex and valuable models. These models are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Franziska Boenisch

Large Language Models (LLMs) are unable to reliably reason about specific physical systems. Attempts to imbue LLMs with knowledge of the necessary physics concepts have shown great promise, but explainability and validation remain open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sean Memery , Kartic Subr

Large language model (LLM) unlearning is critical in real-world applications where it is necessary to efficiently remove the influence of private, copyrighted, or harmful data from some users. Existing utility-centric unlearning metrics…

Mitigating hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for their reliable deployment. Existing methods typically fine-tune LLMs to abstain from answering questions beyond their knowledge scope. However, these methods often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Hao An , Yang Xu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) produce highly nuanced text simplifications, developers currently lack tools for a holistic, efficient, and reproducible diagnosis of their behavior. This paper introduces the Simplification Profiler, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lars Klöser , Mika Beele , Bodo Kraft

Large language models (LLMs) trained purely on text ostensibly lack any direct perceptual experience, yet their internal representations are implicitly shaped by multimodal regularities encoded in language. We test the hypothesis that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Sophie L. Wang , Phillip Isola , Brian Cheung

We study whether Large Language Models (LLMs) inherently capture domain-specific nuances in natural language. Our experiments probe the domain sensitivity of LLMs by examining their ability to distinguish queries from different domains…

We investigate fingerprints in pretraining datasets for large language models (LLMs) through dataset classification experiments. Building on prior work demonstrating the existence of fingerprints or biases in popular computer vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Youssef Mansour , Reinhard Heckel

Conversational user queries are increasingly challenging traditional e-commerce platforms, whose search systems are typically optimized for keyword-based queries. We present an LLM-based semantic search framework that effectively captures…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Emad Siddiqui , Venkatesh Terikuti , Xuan Lu

Text content created by humans or language models is often stolen or misused by adversaries. Tracing text provenance can help claim the ownership of text content or identify the malicious users who distribute misleading content like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Xi Yang , Jie Zhang , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Zehua Ma , Feng Wang , Nenghai Yu
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