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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as sources of information, yet their reliability depends on the ability to search the web, select relevant evidence, and synthesize complete answers. While recent benchmarks evaluate…

Multilingual language models often perform unevenly across different languages due to limited generalization capabilities for some languages. This issue is significant because of the growing interest in making universal language models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Gürkan Soykan , Gözde Gül Şahin

Semantic retrieval is crucial for modern applications yet remains underexplored in current research. Existing datasets are limited to single languages, single images, or singular retrieval conditions, often failing to fully exploit the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Wei Chow , Yuan Gao , Linfeng Li , Xian Wang , Qi Xu , Hang Song , Lingdong Kong , Ran Zhou , Yi Zeng , Yidong Cai , Botian Jiang , Shilin Xu , Jiajun Zhang , Minghui Qiu , Xiangtai Li , Tianshu Yang , Siliang Tang , Juncheng Li

Most organizational data in this world are stored as documents, and visual retrieval plays a crucial role in unlocking the collective intelligence from all these documents. However, existing benchmarks focus on English-only document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jian Chen , Ming Li , Jihyung Kil , Chenguang Wang , Tong Yu , Ryan Rossi , Tianyi Zhou , Changyou Chen , Ruiyi Zhang

Two key assumptions shape the usual view of ranked retrieval: (1) that the searcher can choose words for their query that might appear in the documents that they wish to see, and (2) that ranking retrieved documents will suffice because the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Petra Galuščáková , Douglas W. Oard , Suraj Nair

Existing methods for open-retrieval question answering in lower resource languages (LRLs) lag significantly behind English. They not only suffer from the shortcomings of non-English document retrieval, but are reliant on language-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Ivan Montero , Shayne Longpre , Ni Lao , Andrew J. Frank , Christopher DuBois

Proficient multilingual speakers often intentionally switch languages in the middle of a conversation. Similarly, recent reasoning-focused bilingual large language models (LLMs) with strong capabilities in both languages exhibit language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yihao Li , Jiayi Xin , Miranda Muqing Miao , Qi Long , Lyle Ungar

Cross-lingual information retrieval is a challenging task in the absence of aligned parallel corpora. In this paper, we address this problem by considering topically aligned corpora designed for evaluating an IR setup. To emphasize, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Mitodru Niyogi , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Arnab Bhattacharya

Although more and more language pairs are covered by machine translation services, there are still many pairs that lack translation resources. Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) is an application which needs translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Wessel Kraaij , Jian-Yun Nie , Michel Simard

Multilingual question answering tasks typically assume answers exist in the same language as the question. Yet in practice, many languages face both information scarcity -- where languages have few reference articles -- and information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Akari Asai , Jungo Kasai , Jonathan H. Clark , Kenton Lee , Eunsol Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Neural Information Retrieval models hold the promise to replace lexical matching models, e.g. BM25, in modern search engines. While their capabilities have fully shone on in-domain datasets like MS MARCO, they have recently been challenged…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Thibault Formal , Benjamin Piwowarski , Stéphane Clinchant

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yue Huang , Chenrui Fan , Yuan Li , Siyuan Wu , Tianyi Zhou , Xiangliang Zhang , Lichao Sun

In this work we present a systematic empirical study focused on the suitability of the state-of-the-art multilingual encoders for cross-lingual document and sentence retrieval tasks across a number of diverse language pairs. We first treat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Robert Litschko , Ivan Vulić , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Goran Glavaš

Words have been represented in a high-dimensional vector space that encodes their semantic similarities, enabling downstream applications such as retrieving synonyms, antonyms, and relevant contexts. However, despite recent advances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Genta Indra Winata , Ruochen Zhang , David Ifeoluwa Adelani

Cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) enables access to multilingual knowledge but remains challenging due to disparities in resources, scripts, and weak cross-lingual semantic alignment in embedding models. Existing pipelines often…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Roksana Goworek , Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Eda B. Özyiğit

In this paper, we study how open-source large language models (LLMs) can be effectively deployed for improving query rewriting in conversational search, especially for ambiguous queries. We introduce CHIQ, a two-step method that leverages…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Fengran Mo , Abbas Ghaddar , Kelong Mao , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Boxing Chen , Qun Liu , Jian-Yun Nie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential of facilitating the development of Artificial Intelligence technology to assist medical experts for interactive decision support, which has been demonstrated by their competitive performances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Iñigo Alonso , Maite Oronoz , Rodrigo Agerri

Cross-lingual pre-training has achieved great successes using monolingual and bilingual plain text corpora. However, most pre-trained models neglect multilingual knowledge, which is language agnostic but comprises abundant cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Xiaoze Jiang , Yaobo Liang , Weizhu Chen , Nan Duan

Multiple neural language models have been developed recently, e.g., BERT and XLNet, and achieved impressive results in various NLP tasks including sentence classification, question answering and document ranking. In this paper, we explore…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Zhuolin Jiang , Amro El-Jaroudi , William Hartmann , Damianos Karakos , Lingjun Zhao

While reasoning and multilingual capabilities in language models (LMs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, their integration into a unified paradigm - multilingual reasoning - is at a nascent stage. Multilingual reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Akash Ghosh , Debayan Datta , Sriparna Saha , Chirag Agarwal