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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving data privacy, but its classical cryptographic underpinnings are vulnerable to quantum attacks. This vulnerability is particularly critical in sensitive domains…
Nowadays, predominant asymmetric cryptographic schemes are considered to be secure because discrete logarithms are believed to be hard to be computed. The algorithm of Shor can effectively compute discrete logarithms, i.e. it can brake such…
The development and implementation of post-quantum cryptosystems have become a pressing issue in the design of secure computing systems, as general quantum computers have become more feasible in the last two years. In this work, we…
We present in this paper an algorithm for exchanging session keys, coupled with a hashing encryption module. We show schemes designed for their potential invulnerability to classical and quantum attacks. In turn, if the parameters included…
The advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the foundational cryptographic algorithms that secure modern digital communications. Protocols such as HTTPS, digital certificates, and public key infrastructures (PKIs) heavily…
A new approach to quantum cryptography to be called KCQ, keyed communication in quantum noise, is developed on the basis of quantum detection and communication theory for classical information transmission. By the use of a shared secret key…
Quantum computing is reshaping the security landscape of modern telecommunications. The cryptographic foundations that secure todays 5G systems, including RSA, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), and Diffie-Hellman (DH), are all susceptible…
Quantum algorithms can break factoring and discrete logarithm based cryptography and weaken symmetric cryptography and hash functions. In order to estimate the real-world impact of these attacks, apart from tracking the development of…
Quantum-resistant cryptography is cryptography that aims to deliver cryptographic functions and protocols that remain secure even if large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers are built. NIST will soon announce the first selected…
This paper introduces a hybrid encryption framework combining classical cryptography (EdDSA, ECDH), post-quantum cryptography (ML-DSA-6x5, ML-KEM-768), and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) via Guardian to counter quantum computing threats.…
The rapid development of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of current cryptographic systems, including those used in User Equipment (UE) for mobile communications. Conventional cryptographic algorithms such as…
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) must secure large-scale communication systems against quantum adversaries where classical hardness alone is insufficient and purely quantum schemes remain impractical. Lattice-based key encapsulation…
The rise of quantum computing threatens traditional cryptographic algorithms that secure Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems (TCPS). Shor's algorithm poses a significant threat to RSA and ECC, while Grover's algorithm reduces the security…
This survey is on forward-looking, emerging security concerns in post-quantum era, i.e., the implementation attacks for 2022 winners of NIST post-quantum cryptography (PQC) competition and thus the visions, insights, and discussions can be…
In Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems, smart meters (SM) send fine-grained power consumption information to the utility company, yet this power consumption information can uncover sensitive information about the consumers'…
The advent of quantum computing poses a significant challenge as it has the potential to break certain cryptographic algorithms, necessitating a proactive approach to identify and modernize cryptographic code. Identifying these…
Kyber is a lattice-based key encapsulation mechanism selected for standardization by the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) project. A critical component of Kyber's key generation process is the sampling of matrix elements from a uniform…
Quantum computing presents a double-edged sword: while it has the potential to revolutionize fields such as artificial intelligence, optimization, healthcare, and so on, it simultaneously poses a threat to current cryptographic systems,…
Quantum resistance is vital for emerging cryptographic systems as quantum technologies continue to advance towards large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers. Resistance may be offered by quantum key distribution (QKD), which provides…
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) aims to develop cryptographic algorithms that are secure against attacks from quantum computers. This paper compares the leading postquantum cryptographic algorithms, such as Kyber, sntrup761, and FrodoKEM,…