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The numerical solution of high dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) is severely constrained by the curse of dimensionality (CoD), rendering classical grid--based methods impractical beyond a few dimensions. In recent years,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Wenzhong Zhang , Zheyuan Hu , Wei Cai , George EM Karniadakis

The modern machine learning methods allow one to obtain the data-driven models in various ways. However, the more complex the model is, the harder it is to interpret. In the paper, we describe the algorithm for the mathematical equations…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Alexander Hvatov , Mikhail Maslyaev

Numerical approximations of partial differential equations (PDEs) are routinely employed to formulate the solution of physics, engineering, and mathematical problems involving functions of several variables, such as the propagation of heat…

Foundation models for partial differential equations (PDEs) have emerged as powerful surrogates pre-trained on diverse physical systems, but adapting them to new downstream tasks remains challenging due to limited task-specific data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vlad Medvedev , Leon Armbruster , Christopher Straub , Georg Kruse , Andreas Rosskopf

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used for modeling various physical phenomena. These equations often depend on certain parameters, necessitating either the identification of optimal parameters or the solution of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Martina Bukač , Iva Manojlović , Boris Muha , Domagoj Vlah

Machine learning based partial differential equations (PDEs) solvers have received great attention in recent years. Most progress in this area has been driven by deep neural networks such as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Chunyang Liao

We introduce the concept of data-driven finite element methods. These are finite-element discretizations of partial differential equations (PDEs) that resolve quantities of interest with striking accuracy, regardless of the underlying mesh…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Ignacio Brevis , Ignacio Muga , Kristoffer G. van der Zee

Neural operators have recently grown in popularity as Partial Differential Equation (PDE) surrogate models. Learning solution functionals, rather than functions, has proven to be a powerful approach to calculate fast, accurate solutions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Cooper Lorsung , Amir Barati Farimani

Many systems in physics, engineering, and biology exhibit multiscale stochastic dynamics, where low-dimensional slow variables evolve under the influence of high-dimensional fast processes. In practice, observations are often limited to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Anan Saha , Arnab Ganguly

While there is currently a lot of enthusiasm about "big data", useful data is usually "small" and expensive to acquire. In this paper, we present a new paradigm of learning partial differential equations from {\em small} data. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Maziar Raissi , George Em Karniadakis

We establish a time-stepping learning algorithm and apply it to predict the solution of the partial differential equation of motion in micromagnetism as a dynamical system depending on the external field as parameter. The data-driven…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Lukas Exl , Norbert J. Mauser , Thomas Schrefl , Dieter Suess

It is one of the most challenging problems in applied mathematics to approximatively solve high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, several deep learning-based approximation algorithms for attacking this problem…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-10 Christian Beck , Martin Hutzenthaler , Arnulf Jentzen , Benno Kuckuck

We propose a three-tier machine learning framework based on the next-generation Equation-Free algorithm for learning the spatio-temporal dynamics of mass-constrained complex systems with hidden states, whose dynamics can in principle be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Gianmaria Viola , Alessandro Della Pia , Lucia Russo , Ioannis Kevrekidis , Constantinos Siettos

The combination of Monte Carlo methods and deep learning has recently led to efficient algorithms for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in high dimensions. Related learning problems are often stated as variational formulations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Lorenz Richter , Julius Berner

Machine learning for scientific applications faces the challenge of limited data. We propose a framework that leverages a priori known physics to reduce overfitting when training on relatively small datasets. A deep neural network is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Jonathan B. Freund , Jonathan F. MacArt , Justin Sirignano

In this paper, we introduce the concept of Developmental Partial Differential Equation (DPDE), which consists of a Partial Differential Equation (PDE) on a time-varying manifold with complete coupling between the PDE and the manifold's…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-23 Nastassia Pouradier Duteil , Francesco Rossi , Ugo Boscain , Benedetto Piccoli

One of the most popular recent areas of machine learning predicates the use of neural networks augmented by information about the underlying process in the form of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). These physics-informed neural…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-17 Luca Menicali , David H. Richter , Stefano Castruccio

Numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) require expensive simulations, limiting their application in design optimization, model-based control, and large-scale inverse problems. Surrogate modeling techniques seek to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 James Duvall , Karthik Duraisamy , Shaowu Pan

Many important problems in science and engineering require solving the so-called parametric partial differential equations (PDEs), i.e., PDEs with different physical parameters, boundary conditions, shapes of computational domains, etc.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Zhanhong Ye , Xiang Huang , Hongsheng Liu , Bin Dong

The multiscale complexity of modern problems in computational science and engineering can prohibit the use of traditional numerical methods in multi-dimensional simulations. Therefore, novel algorithms are required in these situations to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Cale Harnish , Luke Dalessandro , Karel Matous , Daniel Livescu