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Large Language Models (LLMs) enable various applications on edge devices such as smartphones, wearables, and embodied robots. However, their deployment often depends on expensive cloud-based APIs, creating high operational costs, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yeshwanth Venkatesha , Souvik Kundu , Priyadarshini Panda

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-time systems remains challenging due to their substantial computational demands and privacy concerns. We propose Floe, a hybrid federated learning framework designed for latency-sensitive,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Chunlin Tian , Kahou Tam , Yebo Wu , Shuaihang Zhong , Li Li , Nicholas D. Lane , Chengzhong Xu

Vision Large Language Models (VLMs) combine visual understanding with natural language processing, enabling tasks like image captioning, visual question answering, and video analysis. While VLMs show impressive capabilities across domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ahmed Sharshar , Latif U. Khan , Waseem Ullah , Mohsen Guizani

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on edge devices remains challenging due to their substantial computational and memory demands, which exceed the capabilities of resource-constrained embedded platforms. Conversely, fully offloading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Cyril Shih-Huan Hsu , Wig Yuan-Cheng Cheng , Chrysa Papagianni

With the advent of Fifth Generation (5G) and Sixth Generation (6G) communication technologies, as well as the Internet of Things (IoT), semantic communication is gaining attention among researchers as current communication technologies are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Alakesh Kalita

Small Language Models (SLMs) have become increasingly important due to their efficiency and performance to perform various language tasks with minimal computational resources, making them ideal for various settings including on-device,…

Large language models (LLMs) are emerging as key enablers of automation in domains such as telecommunications, assisting with tasks including troubleshooting, standards interpretation, and network optimization. However, their deployment in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Qiushuo Hou , Sangwoo Park , Matteo Zecchin , Yunlong Cai , Guanding Yu , Osvaldo Simeone , Tommaso Melodia

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu

With mobile, IoT and sensor devices becoming pervasive in our life and recent advances in Edge Computational Intelligence (e.g., Edge AI/ML), it became evident that the traditional methods for training AI/ML models are becoming obsolete,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem

Small language models (SLMs), despite their widespread adoption in modern smart devices, have received significantly less academic attention compared to their large language model (LLM) counterparts, which are predominantly deployed in data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhenyan Lu , Xiang Li , Dongqi Cai , Rongjie Yi , Fangming Liu , Xiwen Zhang , Nicholas D. Lane , Mengwei Xu

Edge-cloud collaborative computing (ECCC) has emerged as a pivotal paradigm for addressing the computational demands of modern intelligent applications, integrating cloud resources with edge devices to enable efficient, low-latency…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jing Liu , Yao Du , Kun Yang , Jiaqi Wu , Yan Wang , Xiping Hu , Zehua Wang , Yang Liu , Peng Sun , Azzedine Boukerche , Victor C. M. Leung

Edge computing has gained significant traction in recent years, promising enhanced efficiency by integrating artificial intelligence capabilities at the edge. While the focus has primarily been on the deployment and inference of Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Aymen Rayane Khouas , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Hakim Hacid , Sunil Aryal

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential for speech-to-text translation (S2TT). However, existing deployment paradigms face critical challenges: pure on-device models suffer from resource constraints,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yexing Du , Kaiyuan Liu , Youcheng Pan , Bo Yang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin , Yang Xiang

Edge intelligence paradigm is increasingly demanded by the emerging autonomous systems, such as robotics. Beyond ensuring privacy-preserving operation and resilience in connectivity-limited environments, edge deployment offers significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Benjamin Kubwimana , Qijing Huang

The massive growth in the utilization of edge AI has made the applications of machine learning models ubiquitous in different domains. Despite the computation and communication efficiency of these systems, due to limited computation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Zhongwei Cheng , Lin Chen

Large language models have significantly transformed multiple fields with their exceptional performance in natural language tasks, but their deployment in resource-constrained environments like edge networks presents an ongoing challenge.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Aria Khoshsirat , Giovanni Perin , Michele Rossi

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-time applications such as autonomous driving and human-computer interaction, which demand fast and reliable responses based on accurate perception. To meet these requirements,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chen Qian , Xinran Yu , Zewen Huang , Danyang Li , Qiang Ma , Fan Dang , Xuan Ding , Guangyong Shang , Zheng Yang

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge or mobile devices offers significant benefits, such as enhanced data privacy and real-time processing capabilities. However, it also faces critical challenges due to the substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yu Mao , Weilan Wang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

As mobile devices increasingly become focal points for advanced applications, edge computing presents a viable solution to their inherent computational limitations, particularly in deploying large language models (LLMs). However, despite…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chang Liu , Jun Zhao