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5G radio positioning exploits information in both angle and delay, by virtue of increased bandwidth and large antenna arrays. When large arrays are embedded in surfaces, they can passively steer electromagnetic waves in preferred directions…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-27 Henk Wymeersch , Benoît Denis

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a planar structure that is engineered to dynamically control the electromagnetic waves. In wireless communications, RISs have recently emerged as a promising technology for realizing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Marco Di Renzo , Fadil H. Danufane , Sergei Tretyakov

The demanding objectives for the future sixth generation (6G) of wireless communication networks have spurred recent research efforts on novel materials and radio-frequency front-end architectures for wireless connectivity, as well as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Mengnan Jian , George C. Alexandropoulos , Ertugrul Basar , Chongwen Huang , Ruiqi Liu , Yuanwei Liu , Chau Yuen

We consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) that can implement a phase rotation continuously over the whole surface rather than via a finite number of discrete elements. Such an RIS can be considered a design for future systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Amy S. Inwood , Peter J. Smith , Mahmoud AlaaEldin , Michail Matthaiou

The search for physical-layer technologies that can play a key role in beyond-5G systems has started. One option is reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), which can collect wireless signals from a transmitter and passively beamform them…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Emil Björnson , Özgecan Özdogan , Erik G. Larsson

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead is the main hurdle for reaping the above gain in practice.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Rui Wang , Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

In this work we address the distance dependence of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). As differentiating factor to other works in the literature, we focus on the array near-field, what allows us to comprehend and expose the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-08 J. Bucheli Garcia , A. Sibille , M. Kamoun

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) or intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), are regarded as one of the most promising and revolutionizing techniques for enhancing the spectrum and/or energy efficiency of wireless systems. These…

This paper studies a broadband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system aided by a beyond diagonal intelligent reflecting surface (BD-IRS), where inter-connections exist among different elements such that the reflection…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ye Yuan , Shuowen Zhang

Challenging environments comprise a range of scenarios, which share the fact that it is extremely difficult to establish a communication link using conventional technology due to many impairments typically associated with the propagation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-23 Steven Kisseleff , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten

This paper presents a novel approach for the joint design of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and a transmitter-receiver pair that are trained together as a set of deep neural networks (DNNs) to optimize the end-to-end…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Tugba Erpek , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Ahmed Alkhateeb , Aylin Yener

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a key enabler for next-generation wireless networks, offering programmable control over propagation environments. While extensive research focuses on planar RIS architectures,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Mohamadreza Delbari , Ehsan Mohammadi , Mostafa Darabi , Arash Asadi , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez , Vahid Jamali

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are regarded as a promising emerging hardware technology to improve the spectrum and energy efficiency of wireless networks by artificially reconfiguring the propagation environment of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Xiaojun Yuan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang , Yuanming Shi , Wenjing Yan , Hang Liu

The sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks will rely on ultra-dense multi-cell deployment to meet the high rate and connectivity demands. However, frequency reuse leads to severe inter-cell interference, particularly for cell-edge users,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shuo Zheng , Shuowen Zhang

Recently, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), benefited from the breakthrough on the fabrication of programmable meta-material, has been speculated as one of the key enabling technologies for the future six generation (6G)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chongwen Huang , Ronghong Mo , Chau Yuen

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have recently received significant attention as building blocks for smart radio environments and adaptable wireless channels. By altering the space- and time-varying electromagnetic (EM) properties,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 John A. Hodge , Kumar Vijay Mishra , Amir I. Zaghloul

The technology of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) has been showing promising potential in a variety of applications relying on Beyond-5G networks. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can indeed provide fine channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-28 Moustafa Rahal , Benoit Denis , Kamran Keykhosravi , Musa Furkan Keskin , Bernard Uguen , George C. Alexandropoulos , Henk Wymeersch

Benefiting from its capability to generalize existing reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) architectures and provide additional design flexibility via interactions between RIS elements, beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has attracted…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-20 Xiaohua Zhou , Tianyu Fang , Yijie Mao

We consider reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided sixth-generation (6G) terahertz (THz) communications for indoor environment in which a base station (BS) wishes to send independent messages to its serving users with the help of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Najam Us Saqib , Shumei Hou , Sung Ho Chae , Sang-Woon Jeon

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are rapidly gaining prominence in the realm of fifth generation (5G)-Advanced, and predominantly, sixth generation (6G) mobile networks, offering a revolutionary approach to optimizing wireless…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Ertugrul Basar , George C. Alexandropoulos , Yuanwei Liu , Qingqing Wu , Shi Jin , Chau Yuen , Octavia A. Dobre , Robert Schober