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With the rise of multimodal large language models (LLMs), audio codec plays an increasingly vital role in encoding audio into discrete tokens, enabling integration of audio into text-based LLMs. Current audio codec captures two types of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Ruifan Deng , Yitian Gong , Qinghui Gao , Luozhijie Jin , Qinyuan Cheng , Zhaoye Fei , Shimin Li , Xipeng Qiu

Audio-based equipment condition monitoring suffers from a lack of standardized methodologies for algorithm selection, hindering reproducible research. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a comprehensive framework for the systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Srijesh Pillai , Yodhin Agarwal , Zaheeruddin Ahmed

Audio is a rich sensing modality that is useful for a variety of human activity recognition tasks. However, the ubiquitous nature of smartphones and smart speakers with always-on microphones has led to numerous privacy concerns and a lack…

Humans can robustly recognize and localize objects by using visual and/or auditory cues. While machines are able to do the same with visual data already, less work has been done with sounds. This work develops an approach for scene…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Dengxin Dai , Arun Balajee Vasudevan , Jiri Matas , Luc Van Gool

Despite the growing interest in unsupervised learning, extracting meaningful knowledge from unlabelled audio remains an open challenge. To take a step in this direction, we recently proposed a problem-agnostic speech encoder (PASE), that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-21 Mirco Ravanelli , Jianyuan Zhong , Santiago Pascual , Pawel Swietojanski , Joao Monteiro , Jan Trmal , Yoshua Bengio

The ability to comprehend audio--which includes speech, non-speech sounds, and music--is crucial for AI agents to interact effectively with the world. We present MMAU, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate multimodal audio understanding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 S Sakshi , Utkarsh Tyagi , Sonal Kumar , Ashish Seth , Ramaneswaran Selvakumar , Oriol Nieto , Ramani Duraiswami , Sreyan Ghosh , Dinesh Manocha

In online conferencing applications, estimating the perceived quality of an audio signal is crucial to ensure high quality of experience for the end user. The most reliable way to assess the quality of a speech signal is through human…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-24 Bastiaan Tamm , Rik Vandenberghe , Hugo Van hamme

We introduce MMAR, a new benchmark designed to evaluate the deep reasoning capabilities of Audio-Language Models (ALMs) across massive multi-disciplinary tasks. MMAR comprises 1,000 meticulously curated audio-question-answer triplets,…

In this paper, we propose a single multi-task learning framework to perform End-to-End (E2E) speech recognition (ASR) and accent recognition (AR) simultaneously. The proposed framework is not only more compact but can also yield comparable…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-16 Jicheng Zhang , Yizhou Peng , Pham Van Tung , Haihua Xu , Hao Huang , Eng Siong Chng

This paper studies a simple extension of image-based Masked Autoencoders (MAE) to self-supervised representation learning from audio spectrograms. Following the Transformer encoder-decoder design in MAE, our Audio-MAE first encodes audio…

The analysis, processing, and extraction of meaningful information from sounds all around us is the subject of the broader area of audio analytics. Audio captioning is a recent addition to the domain of audio analytics, a cross-modal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-04 Sandeep Kothinti , Dimitra Emmanouilidou

In the highly constrained context of low-resource language studies, we explore vector representations of speech from a pretrained model to determine their level of abstraction with regard to the audio signal. We propose a new unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Maxime Fily , Guillaume Wisniewski , Severine Guillaume , Gilles Adda , Alexis Michaud

In mixed reality applications, a realistic acoustic experience in spatial environments is as crucial as the visual experience for achieving true immersion. Despite recent advances in neural approaches for Room Impulse Response (RIR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xiulong Liu , Anurag Kumar , Paul Calamia , Sebastia V. Amengual , Calvin Murdock , Ishwarya Ananthabhotla , Philip Robinson , Eli Shlizerman , Vamsi Krishna Ithapu , Ruohan Gao

Speech conveys not only linguistic information but also rich non-verbal vocal events such as laughing and crying. While semantic transcription is well-studied, the precise localization of non-verbal events remains a critical yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Chenchen Yang , Kexin Huang , Liwei Fan , Qian Tu , Botian Jiang , Dong Zhang , Linqi Yin , Shimin Li , Zhaoye Fei , Qinyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu

Audio-Visual Segmentation (AVS) aims to identify and segment sound-producing objects in videos by leveraging both visual and audio modalities. It has emerged as a significant research area in multimodal perception, enabling fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jia Li , Yapeng Tian

Speech Quality Assessment (SQA) and Continuous Speech Emotion Recognition (CSER) are two key tasks in speech technology, both relying on listener ratings. However, these ratings are inherently biased due to individual listener factors.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Cheng-Hung Hu , Yusuke Yasuda , Akifumi Yoshimoto , Tomoki Toda

Artificial audition aims at providing hearing capabilities to machines, computers and robots. Existing frameworks in robot audition offer interesting sound source localization, tracking and separation performance, although involve a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-12 François Grondin , Dominic Létourneau , Cédric Godin , Jean-Samuel Lauzon , Jonathan Vincent , Simon Michaud , Samuel Faucher , François Michaud

Audio-Language models jointly learn multimodal text and audio representations that enable Zero-Shot inference. Models rely on the encoders to create powerful representations of the input and generalize to multiple tasks ranging from sounds,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Benjamin Elizalde , Soham Deshmukh , Huaming Wang

Audio is a critical component of multimodal perception, and any truly intelligent system must demonstrate a wide range of auditory capabilities. These capabilities include transcription, classification, retrieval, reasoning, segmentation,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Georg Heigold , Ehsan Variani , Tom Bagby , Cyril Allauzen , Ji Ma , Shankar Kumar , Michael Riley

Reasoning about spatial audio with large language models requires a spatial audio encoder as an acoustic front-end to obtain audio embeddings for further processing. Such an encoder needs to capture all information required to detect the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Kevin Wilkinghoff , Zheng-Hua Tan