English
Related papers

Related papers: AdamS: Momentum Itself Can Be A Normalizer for LLM…

200 papers

Here I present a small update to the bias-correction term in the Adam optimizer that has the advantage of making smaller gradient updates in the first several steps of training. With the default bias-correction, Adam may actually make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 John St John

This paper aims to clearly distinguish between Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum (SGDM) and Adam in terms of their convergence rates. We demonstrate that Adam achieves a faster convergence compared to SGDM under the condition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Bohan Wang , Huishuai Zhang , Qi Meng , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Ming Ma , Wei Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across diverse tasks, yet their training remains highly resource-intensive and susceptible to critical challenges such as training instability. A predominant source of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Tianjin Huang , Ziquan Zhu , Gaojie Jin , Lu Liu , Zhangyang Wang , Shiwei Liu

Despite the popularity of the Adam optimizer in practice, most theoretical analyses study Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as a proxy for Adam, and little is known about how the solutions found by Adam differ. In this paper, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xinghan Li , Haodong Wen , Kaifeng Lyu

We introduce two complementary techniques for efficient optimization that reduce memory requirements while accelerating training of large-scale neural networks. The first technique, Subset-Norm step size, generalizes AdaGrad-Norm and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Thien Hang Nguyen , Huy Le Nguyen

Optimizer is an essential component for the success of deep learning, which guides the neural network to update the parameters according to the loss on the training set. SGD and Adam are two classical and effective optimizers on which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Yineng Chen , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Bo Du , Hai Zhao

Through theoretical and experimental validation, unlike all existing adaptive methods like Adam which penalize frequently-changing parameters and are only applicable to sparse gradients, we propose the simplest SGD enhanced method,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Gongyue Zhang , Dinghuang Zhang , Shuwen Zhao , Donghan Liu , Carrie M. Toptan , Honghai Liu

Layer-wise preconditioning methods are a family of memory-efficient optimization algorithms that introduce preconditioners per axis of each layer's weight tensors. These methods have seen a recent resurgence, demonstrating impressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Thomas T. Zhang , Behrad Moniri , Ansh Nagwekar , Faraz Rahman , Anton Xue , Hamed Hassani , Nikolai Matni

AdamW has become one of the most effective optimizers for training large-scale models. We have also observed its effectiveness in the context of federated learning (FL). However, directly applying AdamW in federated learning settings poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junkang Liu , Fanhua Shang , Hongying Liu , Yuxuan Tian , Yuanyuan Liu , Jin Liu , Kewen Zhu , Zhouchen Lin

This work proposes Alada, an adaptive momentum method for stochastic optimization over large-scale matrices. Alada employs a rank-one factorization approach to estimate the second moment of gradients, where factors are updated alternatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xiaoyu He , Yu Cai , Jin Jia , Canxi Huang , Wenqing Chen , Zibin Zheng

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an inherently sequential training algorithm--computing the gradient at batch $i$ depends on the model parameters learned from batch $i-1$. Prior approaches that break this dependence do not honor them…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Saeed Maleki , Madan Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz , Olli Saarikivi , Tianju Xu , Vadim Eksarevskiy , Jaliya Ekanayake , Emad Barsoum

Adam is a widely used optimization method for training deep learning models. It computes individual adaptive learning rates for different parameters. In this paper, we propose a generalization of Adam, called Adambs, that allows us to also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Rui Liu , Tianyi Wu , Barzan Mozafari

When training neural models, it is common to combine multiple loss terms. The balancing of these terms requires considerable human effort and is computationally demanding. Moreover, the optimal trade-off between the loss term can change as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Itzik Malkiel , Lior Wolf

In this paper, we provide a rigorous proof of convergence of the Adaptive Moment Estimate (Adam) algorithm for a wide class of optimization objectives. Despite the popularity and efficiency of the Adam algorithm in training deep neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Haochuan Li , Alexander Rakhlin , Ali Jadbabaie

Lowering the memory requirement in full-parameter training on large models has become a hot research area. MeZO fine-tunes the large language models (LLMs) by just forward passes in a zeroth-order SGD optimizer (ZO-SGD), demonstrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shuoran Jiang , Qingcai Chen , Youchen Pan , Yang Xiang , Yukang Lin , Xiangping Wu , Chuanyi Liu , Xiaobao Song

Full fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is notoriously memory-intensive, primarily because conventional optimizers such as SGD or Adam assume access to exact gradients derived from cached activations. Existing solutions either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jing Yang , Kaitong Cai , Yijia Fan , Yufeng Yang , Keze Wang

Large language models have achieved remarkable success, but their extensive parameter size necessitates substantial memory for training, thereby setting a high threshold. While the recently proposed low-memory optimization (LOMO) reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Kai Lv , Hang Yan , Qipeng Guo , Haijun Lv , Xipeng Qiu

Optimization algorithms with momentum, e.g., (ADAM), have been widely used for building deep learning models due to the faster convergence rates compared with stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Momentum helps accelerate SGD in the relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Jiyang Bai , Yuxiang Ren , Jiawei Zhang

Fine-tuning LLMs is necessary for various dedicated downstream tasks, but classic backpropagation-based fine-tuning methods require substantial GPU memory. To this end, a recent work, MeZO, which relies solely on forward passes to fine-tune…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhijie Cai , Haolong Chen , Guangxu Zhu

This paper introduces EXAdam ($\textbf{EX}$tended $\textbf{Adam}$), a novel optimization algorithm that builds upon the widely-used Adam optimizer. EXAdam incorporates two key enhancements: (1) new debiasing terms for improved moment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ahmed M. Adly