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Medical report interpretation plays a crucial role in healthcare, enabling both patient-facing explanations and effective information flow across clinical systems. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) and large language models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Fangxin Shang , Yuan Xia , Dalu Yang , Yahui Wang , Binglin Yang

Causal reasoning is a cornerstone of how humans interpret the world. To model and reason about causality, causal graphs offer a concise yet effective solution. Given the impressive advancements in language models, a crucial question arises:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sirui Chen , Mengying Xu , Kun Wang , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao , Shengjie Zhao , Chaochao Lu

Client perceptions of the therapeutic alliance are critical for counseling effectiveness. Accurately capturing these perceptions remains challenging, as traditional post-session questionnaires are burdensome and often delayed, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anqi Li , Chenxiao Wang , Yu Lu , Renjun Xu , Lizhi Ma , Zhenzhong Lan

Electronic health records (EHRs) contain important clinical information about patients. Efficient and effective use of this information could supplement or even replace manual chart review as a means of studying and improving the quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Efsun Sarioglu Kayi , Kabir Yadav , James M. Chamberlain , Hyeong-Ah Choi

The findings section of a radiology report is often detailed and lengthy, whereas the impression section is comparatively more compact and captures key diagnostic conclusions. This research explores the use of advanced abstractive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Anindita Bhattacharya , Tohida Rehman , Debarshi Kumar Sanyal , Samiran Chattopadhyay

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in high-stakes clinical settings demands rigorous and reliable evaluation. However, existing medical benchmarks remain static, suffering from two critical limitations: (1) data contamination,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhiling Yan , Dingjie Song , Zhe Fang , Yisheng Ji , Xiang Li , Quanzheng Li , Lichao Sun

We propose a new automated evaluation metric for machine-generated radiology reports using the successful COMET architecture adapted for the radiology domain. We train and publish four medically-oriented model checkpoints, including one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Amos Calamida , Farhad Nooralahzadeh , Morteza Rohanian , Koji Fujimoto , Mizuho Nishio , Michael Krauthammer

Annually and globally, over three billion radiography examinations and computer tomography scans result in mostly unstructured radiology reports containing free text. Despite the potential benefits of structured reporting, its adoption is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Daniel Reichenpfader , Jonas Knupp , André Sander , Kerstin Denecke

In spite of the strong performance of machine learning (ML) models in radiology, they have not been widely accepted by radiologists, limiting clinical integration. A key reason is the lack of explainability, which ensures that model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sara Ketabi , Matthias W. Wagner , Birgit Betina Ertl-Wagner , Greg A. Jamieson , Farzad Khalvati

In the generative AI era, where even critical medical tasks are increasingly automated, radiology report generation (RRG) continues to rely on suboptimal metrics for quality assessment. Developing domain-specific metrics has therefore been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Vanshali Sharma , Andrea Mia Bejar , Gorkem Durak , Ulas Bagci

AI-driven clinical text classification is vital for explainable automated retrieval of population-level health information. This work investigates whether human-based clinical rationales can serve as additional supervision to improve both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Christoph Metzner , Shang Gao , Drahomira Herrmannova , Heidi A. Hanson

The chest X-Ray (CXR) is the one of the most common clinical exam used to diagnose thoracic diseases and abnormalities. The volume of CXR scans generated daily in hospitals is huge. Therefore, an automated diagnosis system able to save the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Shuai Zhang , Xiaoyan Xin , Yang Wang , Yachong Guo , Qiuqiao Hao , Xianfeng Yang , Jun Wang , Jian Zhang , Bing Zhang , Wei Wang

Before deploying outputs from foundation models in high-stakes tasks, it is imperative to ensure that they align with human values. For instance, in radiology report generation, reports generated by a vision-language model must align with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-06 Yu Gui , Ying Jin , Zhimei Ren

Despite the progress of radiology report generation (RRG), existing works face two challenges: 1) The performances in clinical efficacy are unsatisfactory, especially for lesion attributes description; 2) the generated text lacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Haibo Jin , Haoxuan Che , Sunan He , Hao Chen

Motivated by the strong performance of CLIP-based models in natural image-text domains, recent efforts have adapted these architectures to medical tasks, particularly in radiology, where large paired datasets of images and reports, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Théo Sourget , David Restrepo , Céline Hudelot , Enzo Ferrante , Stergios Christodoulidis , Maria Vakalopoulou

Radiology reports convey detailed clinical observations and capture diagnostic reasoning that evolves over time. However, existing evaluation methods are limited to single-report settings and rely on coarse metrics that fail to capture…

Recent transformer-based models have made significant strides in generating radiology reports from chest X-ray images. However, a prominent challenge remains: these models often lack prior knowledge, resulting in the generation of synthetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Sanghwan Kim , Farhad Nooralahzadeh , Morteza Rohanian , Koji Fujimoto , Mizuho Nishio , Ryo Sakamoto , Fabio Rinaldi , Michael Krauthammer

Recent advances in large language models have enabled deep research systems that generate expert-level reports through multi-step reasoning and evidence-based synthesis. However, evaluating such reports remains challenging: report quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Janghoon Han , Heegyu Kim , Changho Lee , Dahm Lee , Min Hyung Park , Hosung Song , Stanley Jungkyu Choi , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee

Several evaluation metrics have been developed recently to automatically assess the quality of generative AI reports for chest radiographs based only on textual information using lexical, semantic, or clinical named entity recognition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Razi Mahmood , Pingkun Yan , Diego Machado Reyes , Ge Wang , Mannudeep K. Kalra , Parisa Kaviani , Joy T. Wu , Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood

Direct cDNA preamplification protocols developed for single-cell RNA-seq have enabled transcriptome profiling of precious clinical samples and rare cells without sample pooling or RNA extraction. Currently, there is no algorithm optimized…