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A recent trend in Natural Language Processing is the exponential growth in Language Model (LM) size, which prevents research groups without a necessary hardware infrastructure from participating in the development process. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Jan Philip Wahle

Knowledge Distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model by minimizing the divergence between their output distributions, typically using forward Kullback-Leibler divergence (FKLD) or reverse KLD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Guanghui Wang , Zhiyong Yang , Zitai Wang , Shi Wang , Qianqian Xu , Qingming Huang

The exponential growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) continues to highlight the need for efficient strategies to meet ever-expanding computational and data demands. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of two complementary…

Knowledge distillation (KD) is widely used for compressing a teacher model to reduce its inference cost and memory footprint, by training a smaller student model. However, current KD methods for auto-regressive sequence models suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Rishabh Agarwal , Nino Vieillard , Yongchao Zhou , Piotr Stanczyk , Sabela Ramos , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Bachem

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has recently driven major gains in long chain-of-thought reasoning large language models (LLMs), but the high inference cost of such models motivates distillation into smaller students. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhaoyang Zhang , Shuli Jiang , Yantao Shen , Yuting Zhang , Dhananjay Ram , Shuo Yang , Zhuowen Tu , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Recent advances in knowledge distillation (KD) predominantly emphasize feature-level knowledge transfer, frequently overlooking critical information embedded within the teacher's logit distributions. In this paper, we revisit logit-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Qi Wang , Jinjia Zhou

Generative Language Models (GLMs) have shown impressive performance in tasks such as text generation, understanding, and reasoning. However, the large model size poses challenges for practical deployment. To solve this problem,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Minsoo Kim , Sihwa Lee , Janghwan Lee , Sukjin Hong , Du-Seong Chang , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

Recently, efficient Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained significant attention as a solution to their high computational complexity, making them more practical for real-world applications. In this regard, the knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiwan Kim , Kibum Kim , Sangwoo Seo , Chanyoung Park

Recent advances in Entity Resolution (ER) have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs), achieving strong performance but at the cost of substantial computational resources or high financial overhead. Existing LLM-based ER approaches operate…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alexandros Zeakis , George Papadakis , Dimitrios Skoutas , Manolis Koubarakis

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a key technique for compressing large language models into smaller ones while preserving performance. Despite the recent traction of KD research, its effectiveness for smaller language models (LMs) and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Suhas Kamasetty Ramesh , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across language tasks, but are costly to deploy due to their size and resource demands. Knowledge Distillation (KD) addresses this by training smaller Student models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Stella Eva Tsiapali , Cong-Thanh Do , Kate Knill

Knowledge Distillation (KD) has been used in image classification for model compression. However, rare studies apply this technology on single-stage object detectors. Focal loss shows that the accumulated errors of easily-classified samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Shitao Tang , Litong Feng , Wenqi Shao , Zhanghui Kuang , Wei Zhang , Yimin Chen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) bring powerful understanding and reasoning capabilities to multimodal tasks. Meanwhile, the great need for capable aritificial intelligence on mobile devices also arises, such as the AI assistant software. Some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Qianhan Feng , Wenshuo Li , Tong Lin , Xinghao Chen

Knowledge distillation (KD) is an effective model compression technique where a compact student network is taught to mimic the behavior of a complex and highly trained teacher network. In contrast, Mutual Learning (ML) provides an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Usma Niyaz , Deepti R. Bathula

Autoregressive large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable improvement across many tasks but incur high computational and memory costs. Knowledge distillation (KD) mitigates this issue by transferring knowledge from a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Donghyeok Shin , Yeongmin Kim , Suhyeon Jo , Byeonghu Na , Il-Chul Moon

Knowledge distillation (KD) exploits a large well-trained model (i.e., teacher) to train a small student model on the same dataset for the same task. Treating teacher features as knowledge, prevailing methods of knowledge distillation train…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Yuzhu Wang , Lechao Cheng , Manni Duan , Yongheng Wang , Zunlei Feng , Shu Kong

Recent advances in knowledge distillation (KD) have enabled smaller student models to approach the performance of larger teacher models. However, popular methods such as supervised KD and on-policy KD, are adversely impacted by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Wenda Xu , Rujun Han , Zifeng Wang , Long T. Le , Dhruv Madeka , Lei Li , William Yang Wang , Rishabh Agarwal , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Knowledge Distillation (KD) uses the teacher's prediction logits as soft labels to guide the student, while self-KD does not need a real teacher to require the soft labels. This work unifies the formulations of the two tasks by decomposing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Zhendong Yang , Ailing Zeng , Zhe Li , Tianke Zhang , Chun Yuan , Yu Li

Given the exceptional performance of proprietary large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, recent research has increasingly focused on boosting the capabilities of smaller models through knowledge distillation (KD) from these powerful yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hongzhan Chen , Ruijun Chen , Yuqi Yi , Xiaojun Quan , Chenliang Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang

Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers capabilities from large language models (LLMs) to smaller students, yet it can fail unpredictably and also underpins model leakage risks. Our analysis revealed several distillation traps: tail noise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Weixiao Zhan , Yongcheng Jing , Leszek Rutkowski , Dacheng Tao