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In many scientific disciplines structures in high-dimensional data have to be found, e.g., in stellar spectra, in genome data, or in face recognition tasks. In this work we present a novel approach to non-linear dimensionality reduction. It…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-09-27 Oliver Kramer

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference using a smaller draft model. In this paper, we establish a surprising connection between speculative decoding and channel simulation, which aims at simulating a noisy channel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Szymon Kobus , Deniz Gündüz

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by using a small draft model to predict multiple tokens, and a large target model to verify these tokens in parallel. Recent studies leverage the hidden state of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Langlin Huang , Chengsong Huang , Jixuan Leng , Di Huang , Jiaxin Huang

In recent years, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have demonstrated great successes in completing various Machine Learning tasks. We introduce a method for learning image features by \textit{locally connected layers} in SNNs using…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Daniel J. Saunders , Devdhar Patel , Hananel Hazan , Hava T. Siegelmann , Robert Kozma

Speculative decoding has emerged as a widely adopted paradigm for accelerating large language model inference, where a lightweight draft model rapidly generates candidate tokens that are then verified in parallel by a larger target model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yu-Yang Qian , Hao-Cong Wu , Yichao Fu , Hao Zhang , Peng Zhao

Speculative decoding and dynamic sparse attention are two complementary approaches for accelerating long-context LLM inference: the former amortizes target-model execution across multiple verifier queries, while the latter reduces each…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhibin Wang , Ziyu Zhong , Nuo Shen , Yuhang Zhou , Rong Gu , Sheng Zhong

Rollout dominates the training time in large language model (LLM) post-training, where the trained model is used to generate tokens given a batch of prompts. This work, SpecActor, achieves fast rollout with speculative decoding that deploys…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Rongxin Cheng , Kai Zhou , Xingda Wei , Siyuan Liu , Mingcong Han , Mingjing Ai , Yeju Zhou , Baoquan Zhong , Wencong Xiao , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining significant popularity in recent years for specialized tasks using prompts due to their low computational cost. Standard methods like prefix tuning utilize special, modifiable tokens that lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Asif Mahmud , Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj , Prakash Bhat , Md Kowsher , Niloofar Yousefi , Ozlem Ozmen Garibay

Long-context inference enhances the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), but incurs significant computational overhead. Token-oriented methods, such as pruning and skipping, have shown great promise in reducing inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zimeng Wu , Donghao Wang , Chaozhe Jin , Jiaxin Chen , Yunhong Wang

Transformer-based autoregressive sampling has been the major bottleneck for slowing down large language model inferences. One effective way to accelerate inference is \emph{Speculative Decoding}, which employs a small model to sample a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ming Yin , Minshuo Chen , Kaixuan Huang , Mengdi Wang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown clear advantages over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) for low latency and high computational efficiency, due to their event-driven nature and sparse communication. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Jibin Wu , Chenglin Xu , Daquan Zhou , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan

Speculative decoding and quantization effectively accelerate memory-bound inference of large language models. Speculative decoding mitigates the memory bandwidth bottleneck by verifying multiple tokens within a single forward pass, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yudi Zhang , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Tiejun Zhao , Wang Xu , Hailong Cao , Conghui Zhu

Language models (LMs) compute the probability of a text by sequentially computing a representation of an already-seen context and using this representation to predict the next word. Currently, most LMs calculate these representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Frank F. Xu , Uri Alon , Graham Neubig

We present a simple on the fly method for faster inference of large language models. Unlike other (self-)speculative decoding techniques, our method does not require fine-tuning or black-box optimization to generate a fixed draft model,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Michael R. Metel , Peng Lu , Boxing Chen , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ivan Kobyzev

We introduce $k$NN-LMs, which extend a pre-trained neural language model (LM) by linearly interpolating it with a $k$-nearest neighbors ($k$NN) model. The nearest neighbors are computed according to distance in the pre-trained LM embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Urvashi Khandelwal , Omer Levy , Dan Jurafsky , Luke Zettlemoyer , Mike Lewis

Sequence-level knowledge distillation (SLKD) is a model compression technique that leverages large, accurate teacher models to train smaller, under-parameterized student models. Why does pre-processing MT data with SLKD help us train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Mitchell A. Gordon , Kevin Duh

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their outputs can sometimes be unreliable or factually incorrect. To address this, we introduce Self Logits Evolution Decoding (SLED), a novel decoding framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jianyi Zhang , Da-Cheng Juan , Cyrus Rashtchian , Chun-Sung Ferng , Heinrich Jiang , Yiran Chen

Speculative decoding is a widely adopted technique for accelerating inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its application to vision-language models (VLMs) remains underexplored, with existing methods achieving only modest speedups…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jialiang Kang , Han Shu , Wenshuo Li , Yingjie Zhai , Xinghao Chen

Speculative decoding accelerates memory-bound LLM inference without quality degradation by using a fast drafter to propose multiple candidate tokens and the target model to verify them in parallel. However, conventional sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yaojie Zhang , Jianuo Huang , Junlong Ke , Yuhang Han , Yongji Long , Tianchen Zhao , Biqing Qi , Linfeng Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based generative recommendation has achieved notable success, yet its practical deployment is costly particularly due to excessive inference latency caused by autoregressive decoding. For lossless LLM decoding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xinyu Lin , Chaoqun Yang , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Cunxiao Du , Fuli Feng , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua
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