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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as intelligent tutoring systems, yet research on optimizing LLMs specifically for educational contexts remains limited. Recent works have proposed reinforcement learning approaches for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Unggi Lee , Jiyeong Bae , Jaehyeon Park , Haeun Park , Taejun Park , Younghoon Jeon , Sungmin Cho , Junbo Koh , Yeil Jeong , Gyeonggeon Lee

Knowledge distillation is a key technique for transferring the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient student models. Existing distillation approaches often overlook two critical factors: the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jincheng Cao , Fanzhi Zeng , Leqi Liu , Aryan Mokhtari

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently shown promise in solving complex math problems when optimized with Reinforcement Learning (RL). But conventional approaches rely on outcome-only rewards that provide sparse feedback, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tao He , Rongchuan Mu , Lizi Liao , Yixin Cao , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong potential for autonomous vehicle motion planning by reformulating trajectory prediction as a language generation problem. However, deploying capable LLMs in resource-constrained…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Amirhossein Afsharrad , Amirhesam Abedsoltan , Ahmadreza Moradipari , Sanjay Lall

Knowledge Distillation (KD) for Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly important as models grow in size and complexity. While existing distillation approaches focus on imitating teacher behavior, they often overlook the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yuang Cai , Yuyu Yuan

Knowledge Distillation (KD) compresses large language models (LLMs) by transferring the teacher model's capabilities to a smaller student model, reducing inference cost and memory usage while maintaining performance. However, existing KD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Lingyuan Liu , Mengxiang Zhang

Reinforcement learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for eliciting reasoning capabilities in large language models, particularly in mathematics and coding. While recent efforts have extended this paradigm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hanxu Hu , Yuxuan Wang , Maggie Huan , Jannis Vamvas , Yinya Huang , Zhijiang Guo , Rico Sennrich

Advanced reasoning in LLMs on challenging domains like mathematical reasoning can be tackled using verifiable rewards based reinforced fine-tuning (ReFT). In standard ReFT frameworks, a behavior model generates multiple completions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Maxime Heuillet , Yufei Cui , Boxing Chen , Audrey Durand , Prasanna Parthasarathi

Looped Language Models (LoopLMs) perform multi-step latent reasoning prior to token generation and outperform conventional LLMs on reasoning benchmarks at smaller parameter budgets. However, attempts to further improve LoopLM reasoning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jonathan Williams , Esin Tureci

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges at inference time due to their high computational demands. To address this, we present Performance-Guided Knowledge Distillation (PGKD), a cost-effective and high-throughput solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Flavio Di Palo , Prateek Singhi , Bilal Fadlallah

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has inspired the development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for unified understanding of vision and language. However, the increasing model size and computational complexity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yuxuan Cai , Jiangning Zhang , Haoyang He , Xinwei He , Ao Tong , Zhenye Gan , Chengjie Wang , Zhucun Xue , Yong Liu , Xiang Bai

Chain-of-thought (CoT) distillation aims to enhance small language models' (SLMs) reasoning by transferring multi-step reasoning capability from the larger teacher models. However, existing work underestimates rationale quality, focusing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jianzhi Yan , Le Liu , Youcheng Pan , Shiwei Chen , Yang Xiang , Buzhou Tang

This study proposes a method for knowledge distillation (KD) of fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient, and accurate neural networks. We specifically target the challenge of deploying these models on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Ehsan Latif , Luyang Fang , Ping Ma , Xiaoming Zhai

Recent advances in Entity Resolution (ER) have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs), achieving strong performance but at the cost of substantial computational resources or high financial overhead. Existing LLM-based ER approaches operate…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alexandros Zeakis , George Papadakis , Dimitrios Skoutas , Manolis Koubarakis

This paper aims to explore the potential of combining Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) with Knowledge Distillation (KD) by distilling various DRL algorithms and studying their distillation effects. By doing so, the computational burden of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Guanlin Meng

Language models (LMs) have yielded impressive results on many language reasoning tasks, but their unexpected errors raise doubts about their reasoning abilities. In light of this, there is growing interest in finetuning/prompting LMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Aaron Chan , Zhiyuan Zeng , Wyatt Lake , Brihi Joshi , Hanjie Chen , Xiang Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) display strikingly different generalization behaviors: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often narrows capability, whereas reinforcement-learning (RL) tuning tends to preserve it. The reasons behind this divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haoyue Bai , Yiyou Sun , Wenjie Hu , Shi Qiu , Maggie Ziyu Huan , Peiyang Song , Robert Nowak , Dawn Song

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown promise in enhancing the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs) by increasing test-time compute. However, even after extensive RLVR training, such models still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pinzheng Wang , Shuli Xu , Juntao Li , Yu Luo , Dong Li , Jianye Hao , Min Zhang

Training vision-language models (VLMs) for complex reasoning remains a challenging task, i.a. due to the scarcity of high-quality image-text reasoning data. Conversely, text-based reasoning resources are abundant and scalable, but it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Walid Bousselham , Hilde Kuehne , Cordelia Schmid

Knowledge distillation from large language models (LLMs) assumes that the teacher's output distribution is a high-quality training signal. On reasoning tasks, this assumption is frequently violated. A model's intermediate representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ryan Brown , Chris Russell