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We initialize the Quantum Chromodynamic conserved charges of baryon number, strangeness, and electric charge arising from gluon splitting into quark-antiquark pairs for the initial conditions of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. A new…

Simulations of the viscous hydrodynamic model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies are presented. Results for spectra, femtoscopy radii, and transverse momentum fluctuations are favorably compared to the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-07-16 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski , Iwona Wyskiel-Piekarska

In the first moments of a relativistic heavy ion collision explosive collective flow begins to grow before the matter has yet equilibrated. Here it is found that as long as the stress-energy tensor is traceless, early flow is independent of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-12-31 Joshua Vredevoogd , Scott Pratt

At top collider energies where baryon stopping is negligible, the initial state of heavy ion collisions is overall charge neutral and predominantly composed of gluons. Nevertheless, there can also be significant local fluctuations of the…

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, event-by-event fluctuations are known to have non-trivial implications. Even though the probability distribution is geometrically isotropic for the initial conditions, the anisotropic $\varepsilon_n$…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-04-04 Wei-Liang Qian , Kai Lin , Chong Ye , Jin Li , Yu Pan , Rui-Hong Yue

Electromagnetic field in heavy ion collisions are expected to cause charge dependent directed flow splitting ($\Delta v_1$). Such charge dependent $\Delta v_1$ has been observed by the STAR collaboration. We demonstrate that relativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-16 Tribhuban Parida , Sandeep Chatterjee

We have investigated the charge-dependent anisotropic flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, using relativistic resistive magneto-hydrodynamics (RRMHD). We consider the optical Glauber model as an initial model of the quark-gluon plasma…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-03-29 Kouki Nakamura , Takahiro Miyoshi , Chiho Nonaka , Hiroyuki R. Takahashi

In this study, we report the predictions for the flow observables for different centrality classes in $O+O$ collisions. Our predictions utilize two different approaches, hydrodynamic and transport models, to analyze the behavior of the flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-07-23 Jagbir Singh , M. U. Ashraf , A. M. Khan , S. Kabana

Based on the recent success of the \angantyr model in describing multiplicity distributions of the hadronic final state in high energy heavy ion collisions, we investigate how far one can go with a such a string-based scenario to describe…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-01 Christian Bierlich , Smita Chakraborty , Gösta Gustafson , Leif Lönnblad

The azimuthal correlations between local flow planes at different (pseudo)rapidities ($\eta$) may reveal important details of the initial nuclear matter density distributions in heavy-ion collisions. Extensive experimental measurements of a…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-02-09 Zhiwan Xu , Xiatong Wu , Caleb Sword , Gang Wang , Sergei A. Voloshin , Huan Zhong Huang

Elliptic flow, $v_2$, and triangular flow, $v_3$, are to a good approximation linearly proportional to the corresponding spatial anisotropies of the initial density profile, $\varepsilon_2$ and $\varepsilon_3$. Using event-by-event…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-25 Giuliano Giacalone , Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

The early stages of high energy heavy ion collisions are studied in the Color Glass Condensate framework, with a real-time classical lattice simulation. When increasing the coupling constant, we observe a rapid increase of the ratio of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-12-16 Thomas Epelbaum , Francois Gelis

The transverse momentum anisotropy of the particles produced in heavy ion collisions is one of the most important experimental observable to investigate the collective behavior of the systems created in such collisions. Recent studies show…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-18 Jun Takahashi , Rafael Derradi de Souza , David Dobrigkeit Chinellato

We present the first measurements of charge-dependent directed flow in Cu+Au collisions at t $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The directed flow has been measured as functions of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity with the STAR detector.…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-21 Takafumi Niida

Collective transverse flow in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies E_{lab} = (1 -160)A GeV is analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics (3FD). Simulations are performed with purely hadronic equation of state (EoS). At the AGS…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 V. N. Russkikh , Yu. B. Ivanov

A comparison is made between results obtained using smooth initial conditions and event-by-event initial conditions in the hydrodynamical description of relativistic nuclear collisions. Some new results on directed flow are also included.

New constraints for the nuclear equation of state at suprasaturation densities have been obtained by measuring collective particle flows in heavy-ion reactions at relativistic energies. Ratios and differences of neutron and hydrogen flows…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-02-13 W. Trautmann , H. H. Wolter

The elliptic flow in collisions of neutron-rich heavy-ion systems at intermediate energies emerges as an observable sensitive to the strength of the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities. First results obtained by comparing ratios…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-02-06 W. Trautmann , H. H. Wolter

Conserved-charge densities are very special observables in quantum many-body systems as, by construction, they encode information about the dynamics. Therefore, their evolution is expected to be of much simpler interpretation than that of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-30 Bruno Bertini , Katja Klobas , Mario Collura , Pasquale Calabrese , Colin Rylands

We investigate the charge-dependent flow induced by magnetic and electric fields in heavy ion collisions. We simulate the evolution of the expanding cooling droplet of strongly coupled plasma hydrodynamically, using the iEBE-VISHNU…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-11-21 Umut Gürsoy , Dmitri Kharzeev , Eric Marcus , Krishna Rajagopal , Chun Shen