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LLMs trained on massive datasets may inadvertently acquire sensitive information such as personal details and potentially harmful content. This risk is further heightened in multimodal LLMs as they integrate information from multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Vaidehi Patil , Yi-Lin Sung , Peter Hase , Jie Peng , Tianlong Chen , Mohit Bansal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping unsupervised learning by offering an unprecedented ability to perform text clustering based on their deep semantic understanding. However, their direct application is fundamentally limited by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuanjie Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Ke Xu , Weizhi Zhang , Zihe Song , Jindong Wang , Philip S. Yu

Although deep learning models have proven effective at solving problems in natural language processing, the mechanism by which they come to their conclusions is often unclear. As a result, these models are generally treated as black boxes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-28 W. James Murdoch , Arthur Szlam

Unsupervised cross-lingual pretraining has achieved strong results in neural machine translation (NMT), by drastically reducing the need for large parallel data. Most approaches adapt masked-language modeling (MLM) to sequence-to-sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Christos Baziotis , Ivan Titov , Alexandra Birch , Barry Haddow

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of NLP tasks, but they remain fundamentally stateless, constrained by limited context windows that hinder long-horizon reasoning. Recent efforts to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate an impressive capacity to recall a vast range of factual knowledge. However, understanding their underlying reasoning and internal mechanisms in exploiting this knowledge remains a key research area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Marco Bronzini , Carlo Nicolini , Bruno Lepri , Jacopo Staiano , Andrea Passerini

Pretrained Language Models (LMs) have been shown to possess significant linguistic, common sense, and factual knowledge. One form of knowledge that has not been studied yet in this context is information about the scalar magnitudes of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Xikun Zhang , Deepak Ramachandran , Ian Tenney , Yanai Elazar , Dan Roth

While many have shown how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be applied to a diverse set of tasks, the critical issues of data contamination and memorization are often glossed over. In this work, we address this concern for tabular data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Sebastian Bordt , Harsha Nori , Vanessa Rodrigues , Besmira Nushi , Rich Caruana

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate the capacity to reconstruct and trace learned content from their training data under specific elicitation conditions, yet this capability does not manifest in standard generation contexts. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Toshiyuki Shigemura

Driven by vast and diverse textual data, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across numerous natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Yet, a critical question persists: does their generalization arise from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Boxiang Ma , Ru Li , Yuanlong Wang , Hongye Tan , Xiaoli Li

Large Language Models are known to capture real-world knowledge, allowing them to excel in many downstream tasks. Despite recent advances, these models are still prone to what are commonly known as hallucinations, causing them to emit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Roi Cohen , Omri Fahn , Gerard de Melo

Nowadays, pretrained language models (PLMs) have dominated the majority of NLP tasks. While, little research has been conducted on systematically evaluating the language abilities of PLMs. In this paper, we present a large-scale empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Zheng Gong , Lixin Yang , Zhuohao Yu , Zhipeng Chen , Jingyuan Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

We evaluate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to discern and express their internal knowledge state, a key factor in countering factual hallucination and ensuring reliable application of LLMs. We observe a robust self-awareness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yuxin Liang , Zhuoyang Song , Hao Wang , Jiaxing Zhang

A prior-informed large language model (LLM) driven multi-task learning framework is proposed for the unified description of multiple nuclear observables. By fine-tuning the pre-trained DeepSeek-R1-1.5B model with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA),…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-29 S. J. Guo , S. Y. Wang , E. H. Wang , Z. M. Niu , Y. M. Ding

Language Models (LMs) may acquire harmful knowledge, and yet feign ignorance of these topics when under audit. Inspired by the recent discovery of deception-related behaviour patterns in LMs, we aim to train classifiers that detect when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dhananjay Ashok , Ruth-Ann Armstrong , Jonathan May

Pretrained Language Models (LMs) memorize a vast amount of knowledge during initial pretraining, including information that may violate the privacy of personal lives and identities. Previous work addressing privacy issues for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Joel Jang , Dongkeun Yoon , Sohee Yang , Sungmin Cha , Moontae Lee , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Minjoon Seo

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate large amounts of knowledge and take enormous amounts of compute to train. We make use of this resource, together with the observation that LLMs are able to transfer knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Malcolm L. Wolff , Shenghao Yang , Kari Torkkola , Michael W. Mahoney

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) encode various facts about the world at their pre-training phase as they are trained to predict the next or missing word in a sentence. There has a been an interest in quantifying and improving the amount…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Paul Youssef , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in solving complex reasoning tasks, particularly when prompted to generate intermediate explanations. However, it remains an open question whether these intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Moritz Miller , Kumar Shridhar

Large language models (LMs) have been shown to memorize parts of their training data, and when prompted appropriately, they will emit the memorized training data verbatim. This is undesirable because memorization violates privacy (exposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Nicholas Carlini , Daphne Ippolito , Matthew Jagielski , Katherine Lee , Florian Tramer , Chiyuan Zhang