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Approximate combinatorial optimization is a promising use case for quantum computers. The quantum optimization algorithms often employ a fixed ansatz that evolves an unbiased initial state towards states with better values of the optimand,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Phillip C. Lotshaw , Titus Morris , Stuart Hadfield , Ryan Bennink

NP-hard problems are not believed to be exactly solvable through general polynomial time algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms to address such combinatorial problems have been of great interest in the past few years. Such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 Yagnik Chatterjee , Eric Bourreau , Marko J. Rančić

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the canonical algorithms designed to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. It is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Ping Zou

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) requires considered optimization problems to be translated into a compatible format. A popular transformation step in this pipeline involves the quadratization of higher-order binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Damian Rovara , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a method of approximately solving combinatorial optimization problems. While QAOA is developed to solve a broad class of combinatorial optimization problems, it is not clear which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 James Ostrowski , Rebekah Herrman , Travis S. Humble , George Siopsis

The variational quantum eigensolver is one of the most promising algorithms for near-term quantum computers. It has the potential to solve quantum chemistry problems involving strongly correlated electrons, which are otherwise difficult to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Luogen Xu , James K. Freericks

A promising paradigm of quantum computing for achieving practical quantum advantages is quantum annealing or quantum approximate optimization algorithm, where the classical problems are encoded in Ising interactions. However, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Yao Lu , Wentao Chen , Shuaining Zhang , Kuan Zhang , Jialiang Zhang , Jing-Ning Zhang , Kihwan Kim

In this study, we propose a new method for constrained combinatorial optimization using variational quantum circuits. Quantum computers are considered to have the potential to solve large combinatorial optimization problems faster than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Hyakka Nakada , Kotaro Tanahashi , Shu Tanaka

In recent years, Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a promising approach for solving optimization problems on quantum computers in the NISQ era. However, one limitation of VQAs is their reliance on fixed-structure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Gloria Turati , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema , Paolo Cremonesi

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a hybrid classical-quantum algorithm that aims to sample the optimal solution(s) of discrete combinatorial optimization problems. We present optimized QAOA circuit constructions for sampling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-04 Elijah Pelofske , Andreas Bärtschi , John Golden , Stephan Eidenbenz

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm that can be used to approximately solve combinatorial optimization problems. However, a major limitation of QAOA is that it is a "local" algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Quinn Langfitt , Reuben Tate , Stephan Eidenbenz

The computational capabilities of near-term quantum computers are limited by the noisy execution of gate operations and a limited number of physical qubits. Hybrid variational algorithms are well-suited to near-term quantum devices because…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-09 Teague Tomesh , Nicholas Allen , Daniel Dilley , Zain Saleem

We present a quantum alternating operator ansatz (QAOA$^+$) that solves a class of linearly constrained optimization problems by evolving a quantum state within a Hilbert subspace of feasible problem solutions. Our main focus is on a class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Brayden Goldstein-Gelb , Phillip C. Lotshaw

Solving the electronic Schrodinger equation for strongly correlated ground states is a long-standing challenge. We present quantum algorithms for the variational optimization of wavefunctions correlated by products of unitary operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Mario Motta , Kevin J. Sung , James Shee

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum heuristic for combinatorial optimization that has been demonstrated to scale better than state-of-the-art classical solvers for some problems. For a given problem instance,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Tianyi Hao , Zichang He , Ruslan Shaydulin , Jeffrey Larson , Marco Pistoia

The capability of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) in solving the combinatorial optimization problems has been intensively studied in recent years due to its application in the quantum-classical hybrid regime. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Xinwei Lee , Xinjian Yan , Ningyi Xie , Yoshiyuki Saito , Dongsheng Cai , Nobuyoshi Asai

Can near-term gate model based quantum processors offer quantum advantage for practical applications in the pre-fault tolerance noise regime? A class of algorithms which have shown some promise in this regard are the so-called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-13 Guillaume Verdon , Michael Broughton , Jacob Biamonte

We propose a new hybrid quantum algorithm based on the classical Ant Colony Optimization algorithm to produce approximate solutions for NP-hard problems, in particular optimization problems. First, we discuss some previously proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-30 Mikel Garcia de Andoin , Javier Echanobe

Combinatorial optimization models a vast range of industrial processes aiming at improving their efficiency. In general, solving this type of problem exactly is computationally intractable. Therefore, practitioners rely on heuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 David Amaro , Matthias Rosenkranz , Nathan Fitzpatrick , Koji Hirano , Mattia Fiorentini

Parameterized quantum circuits are attractive candidates for potential quantum advantage in the near term and beyond. At the same time, as quantum computing hardware not only continues to improve but also begins to incorporate new features…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Tobias Stollenwerk , Stuart Hadfield