Related papers: Hydrogen 21 cm Constraints on the Photon's Spin Sc…
An intriguing and elementary possibility is that familiar massless particles like the photon could be "continuous spin" particles (CSP) with a small but non-zero spin Casimir $\rho$. In this case, the familiar two polarization states of the…
Special relativity allows massless particles to have states of different integer (or half-integer) helicities that mix under boosts, much like the spin-states of a massive particle. Such massless particles are known as continuous spin…
It is widely agreed that studying the 21 cm emission line from neutral hydrogen may be our best hope for understanding the creation of the first structures during the dark ages and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). This hyperfine transition…
Before cosmic reionization, hydrogen atoms acquire a spin polarization quadrupole through interaction with the anisotropic 21-cm radiation field. The interaction of this quadrupole with anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB)…
We revisit the 21 cm power spectrum from the epoch of cosmic dawn in light of the recent EDGES detection of the 21 cm global signal at frequencies corresponding to $z\sim20$. The shape of the signal suggests that the spin temperature of…
We present rules for computing scattering amplitudes of charged scalar matter and photons, where the photon has non-zero spin Casimir $\rho$, and is therefore a continuous spin particle (CSP). The amplitudes reduce to familiar scalar QED…
The 21cm line refers to a forbidden transition in neutral hydrogen associated with alignment of spins of the proton and electron. It is a very low energy transition that is emitted whenever there is neutral hydrogen in the Universe. Since…
The 21-cm line signal arising from the hyperfine interaction in hydrogen has an important role in cosmology and provides a unique method for probing of the universe prior to the star formation era. We propose that the spin flip of Hydrogen…
The EDGES low-band experiment has measured an absorption feature in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), corresponding to the 21 cm hyperfine transition of hydrogen at redshift $z \simeq 17$, before the era of cosmic…
By using a Coulomb potential modified by the interaction between the magnetic moments of the electron and proton, we have calculated the energy levels of a hydrogen atom. We have obtained fine structure, hyperfine structure and the Lamb…
One of the most exciting probes of the early phases of structure formation and reionization is the spin-flip line of neutral hydrogen, with a rest wavelength of 21 cm. This chapter introduces the physics of this transition and the…
Lorentz symmetry is a fundamental pillar of modern Physics, yet high-energy theories often predict its violation. One potential signature of such a violation is cosmic birefringence - rotation of the polarization plane of photons due to…
The laws of quantum mechanics are often tested against the behaviour of the lightest element in the periodic table, hydrogen. One of the most striking properties of molecular hydrogen is the coupling between molecular rotational properties…
The spin temperature of neutral hydrogen, which determines the 21 cm optical depth and brightness temperature, is set by the competition between radiative and collisional processes. In the high-redshift intergalactic medium, the dominant…
The spin temperature of neutral hydrogen, which determines the optical depth and brightness of the 21 cm line, is determined by the competition between radiative and collisional processes. Here we examine the role of proton-hydrogen…
High precision spectroscopy can provide a sensitive tool to test Coulomb's law on atomic length scales. This can then be used to constrain particles such as extra "hidden" photons or minicharged particles that are predicted in many…
The 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen serves as a critical tool for unraveling the astrophysical processes that shaped cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization. We explore the usually overlooked impact of re-scattering of 21-cm photons…
Recently, the production of ultrahigh-density (~10^{19}cm^{-3}) spin-polarized deuterium (SPD) atoms was demonstrated, from the photodissociation of deuterium iodide, but the upper density limit was not determined. Here, we present studies…
A measurement of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen yields a charge radius of the proton that is smaller than the CODATA value by about 5 standard deviations. We explore the possibility that new scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and tensor…
The di-photon decay channel of the lightest Higgs boson is considerd as a probe to explore CP violation in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The scalar/pseudo-scalar mixing is considered along with CP violation entering…