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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long texts and have almost perfect performance in traditional retrieval tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when it comes to numerical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yijiong Yu

Recent techniques such as retrieval-augmented generation or chain-of-thought reasoning have led to longer contexts and increased inference costs. Context compression techniques can reduce these costs, but the most effective approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hippolyte Pilchen , Edouard Grave , Patrick Pérez

As large language models increasingly gain popularity in real-world applications, processing extremely long contexts, often exceeding the model's pre-trained context limits, has emerged as a critical challenge. While existing approaches to…

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-context scenarios is hindered by computational inefficiency and significant information redundancy. Although recent advancements have widely adopted context compression to address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kangtao Lv , Jiwei Tang , Langming Liu , Haibin Chen , Weidong Zhang , Shilei Liu , Yongwei Wang , Yujin Yuan , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning, yet their efficiency is limited by the surging cognitive overhead of long thought traces. In this paper, we propose LightThinker, a method that enables LLMs to dynamically compress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Zhenjie Wan , Yujie Luo , Shuofei Qiao , Zhengke Gui , Da Zheng , Lei Liang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

The rapid increase in textual information means we need more efficient methods to sift through, organize, and understand it all. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) models excel in accessing information from large document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Seiji Maekawa , Hayate Iso , Nikita Bhutani

Context lengths of Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded in recent years, with 128k-token context becoming a standard and million-token context becoming a reality. Efficiently supporting long-context inference remains challenging as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Isaac Rehg

Agentic language model (LM) systems power modern applications like "Deep Research" and "Claude Code," and leverage multi-LM architectures to overcome context limitations. Beneath their apparent diversity lies a recurring pattern: smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shizhe He , Avanika Narayan , Ishan S. Khare , Scott W. Linderman , Christopher Ré , Dan Biderman

The rise of large language models (LLMs) is revolutionizing information retrieval, question answering, summarization, and code generation tasks. However, in addition to confidently presenting factually inaccurate information at times (known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Henry Gilbert , Michael Sandborn , Douglas C. Schmidt , Jesse Spencer-Smith , Jules White

Providing extensive context via prompting is vital for leveraging the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, lengthy contexts significantly increase inference latency, as the computational cost of self-attention grows…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Guojie Liu , Yiqi Wang , Yanfeng Yang , Wenqi Fan , Songlei Jian , Jianfeng Zhang , Jie Yu

Prompt compression methods enhance the efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) and minimize the cost by reducing the length of input context. The goal of prompt compression is to shorten the LLM prompt while maintaining a high generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Tinghui Zhang , Yifan Wang , Daisy Zhe Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges in long-context processing, including quadratic computational costs, information forgetting, and the context fragmentation inherent in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhuoen Chen , Dongfang Li , Meishan Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Context compression aims to shorten long context inputs with minimal information loss for LLM inference acceleration. While existing methods have shown promise, they typically rely on complex compression modules or compression-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guoxin Ma , Yibing Liu , Chengzhengxu Li , Yu Liang , Yan Wang , Yueyang Zhang , Kecheng Chen , Zhaohan Zhang , Zhiyuan Sun , Daiting Shi

Despite the recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs), it remains challenging to feed LLMs with long prompts due to the fixed size of LLM inputs. As a remedy, prompt compression becomes a promising solution by removing redundant tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Ziyang Yu , Yuyu Liu

Retrieving documents and prepending them in-context at inference time improves performance of language model (LMs) on a wide range of tasks. However, these documents, often spanning hundreds of words, make inference substantially more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Fangyuan Xu , Weijia Shi , Eunsol Choi

Scaling language models to handle longer contexts introduces substantial memory challenges due to the growing cost of key-value (KV) caches. Motivated by the efficiency gains of hybrid models and the broad availability of pretrained large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Zhang , Fengzhuo Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Wei Gao , Min Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities through pretraining and alignment. However, superior short-context LLMs may underperform in long-context scenarios due to insufficient long-context alignment. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Guanzheng Chen , Xin Li , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Lidong Bing

Long-context inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the quadratic computation complexity of attention and the substantial memory footprint of Key-Value (KV) caches. While existing sparse attention mechanisms attempt to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Ai , Qingqing Yang , Peng Wang , Lei Deng , Lin Zhang , Renhai Chen , Gong Zhang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning significantly elevates the complex problem-solving capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, adapting CoT to vision typically discretizes signals to fit LLM inputs, causing early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Tao Cheng , Shi-Zhe Chen , Hao Zhang , Yixin Qin , Jinwen Luo , Zheng Wei

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires caching a growing list of past key-value (KV) pairs, making long-context inference a memory-bound problem. While recent methods have explored quantizing the cache, evicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Harshil Vejendla
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