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Recent studies of federated graph foundational models (FedGFMs) break the idealized and untenable assumption of having centralized data storage to train graph foundation models, and accommodate the reality of distributed, privacy-restricted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yinlin Zhu , Di Wu , Xianzhi Zhang , Yuming Ai , Xunkai Li , Miao Hu , Guocong Quan

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm in which a central server coordinates multiple participants (clients) collaboratively to train on decentralized data. In practice, FL often faces statistical, system, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Liping Yi , Han Yu , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu , Xiaoxiao Li

Federated Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (FedPEFT) has emerged as a promising paradigm for privacy-preserving and efficient adaptation of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) in Federated Learning (FL) settings. It preserves data privacy by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Shenghui Li , Edith C. -H. Ngai , Fanghua Ye , Thiemo Voigt

We present a practical system for privacy-aware large language model (LLM) inference that splits a transformer between a trusted local GPU and an untrusted cloud GPU, communicating only intermediate activations over the network. Our system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Michael Cunningham

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) in federated settings enables privacy-preserving adaptation but suffers from cross-client interference due to model aggregation. Existing federated LoRA fine-tuning methods, primarily based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for privacy-preserving computation in recent years. Unfortunately, FL faces two critical challenges that hinder its actual performance: data distribution heterogeneity and high resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Wang Lu , Xixu Hu , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance and education. However, the growing reliance on extensive data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guoshenghui Zhao , Eric Song

Collaborative machine learning in sensitive domains demands scalable, privacy preserving solutions for enterprise deployment. Conventional Federated Learning (FL) relies on a central server, introducing single points of failure and privacy…

In classical federated learning, the clients contribute to the overall training by communicating local updates for the underlying model on their private data to a coordinating server. However, updating and communicating the entire model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Jianyu Wang , Hang Qi , Ankit Singh Rawat , Sashank Reddi , Sagar Waghmare , Felix X. Yu , Gauri Joshi

Federated learning (FL) has become a prevalent distributed machine learning paradigm with improved privacy. After learning, the resulting federated model should be further personalized to each different client. While several methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Bingyan Liu , Yao Guo , Xiangqun Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in tasks like multimodal reasoning and cross-modal retrieval but face deployment challenges in real-world scenarios due to distributed multimodal data and strict privacy requirements. Federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yao Zhang , Hewei Gao , Haokun Chen , Weiguo Li , Yunpu Ma , Volker Tresp

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple parties to collaboratively fine-tune an large language model (LLM) without the need of direct data sharing. Ideally, by training on decentralized data that is aligned with human preferences and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rui Ye , Jingyi Chai , Xiangrui Liu , Yaodong Yang , Yanfeng Wang , Siheng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on medical benchmarks, including question answering and diagnosis. To enable their use in clinical settings, LLMs are typically further adapted through continued pretraining…

We consider the problem of federated learning (FL) with graph-structured data distributed across multiple clients. In particular, we address the prevalent scenario of interconnected subgraphs, where interconnections between clients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Javad Aliakbari , Johan Östman , Ashkan Panahi , Alexandre Graell i Amat

Federated learning based on homomorphic encryption has received widespread attention due to its high security and enhanced protection of user data privacy. However, the characteristics of encrypted computation lead to three challenging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yang Li , Chunhe Xia , Chang Li , Xiaojian Li , Tianbo Wang

We study few-shot Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks with Large Language Models (LLMs) in federated learning (FL) scenarios. It is a challenging task due to limited labeled data and communication capacities in FL, especially with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Jingang Jiang , Xiangyang Liu , Chenyou Fan

Proposed as a solution to mitigate the privacy implications related to the adoption of deep learning, Federated Learning (FL) enables large numbers of participants to successfully train deep neural networks without having to reveal the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Dorjan Hitaj , Giulio Pagnotta , Briland Hitaj , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Luigi V. Mancini

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for privacy-preserving model training across decentralized devices. However, it faces challenges such as statistical heterogeneity and susceptibility to adversarial attacks, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Jialuo He , Wei Chen , Xiaojin Zhang

Personalized Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly prevalent, showcasing the impressive capabilities of models like GPT-4. This trend has also catalyzed extensive research on deploying LLMs on mobile devices. Feasible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Yunmeng Shu , Shaofeng Li , Tian Dong , Yan Meng , Haojin Zhu

In the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the need for privacy and security in data processing has become paramount. As AI applications continue to expand, the collection and handling of sensitive data raise concerns about individual…

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