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Related papers: Chinese Toxic Language Mitigation via Sentiment Po…

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Detecting hate speech and offensive language is essential for maintaining a safe and respectful digital environment. This study examines the limitations of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) in identifying offensive content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yunze Xiao , Yujia Hu , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-wei Lee

While large language models (LLMs) have increasingly been applied to hate speech detoxification, the prompts often trigger safety alerts, causing LLMs to refuse the task. In this study, we systematically investigate false refusal behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Kyuri Im , Shuzhou Yuan , Michael Färber

Phonetic Cloaking Replacement (PCR), defined as the deliberate use of homophonic or near-homophonic variants to hide toxic intent, has become a major obstacle to Chinese content moderation. While this problem is well-recognized, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Haotan Guo , Jianfei He , Jiayuan Ma , Hongbin Na , Zimu Wang , Haiyang Zhang , Qi Chen , Wei Wang , Zijing Shi , Tao Shen , Ling Chen

The widespread dissemination of toxic online posts is increasingly damaging to society. However, research on detecting toxic language in Chinese has lagged significantly. Existing datasets lack fine-grained annotation of toxic types and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Junyu Lu , Bo Xu , Xiaokun Zhang , Changrong Min , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Detecting toxic content using language models is important but challenging. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in understanding Chinese, recent studies show that simple character substitutions in toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Shujian Yang , Shiyao Cui , Chuanrui Hu , Haicheng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Minlie Huang , Jialiang Lu , Han Qiu

With adversarial or otherwise normal prompts, existing large language models (LLM) can be pushed to generate toxic discourses. One way to reduce the risk of LLMs generating undesired discourses is to alter the training of the LLM. This can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Meng Cao , Mehdi Fatemi , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Samira Shabanian

With the in-depth integration of mobile Internet and widespread adoption of social platforms, user-generated content in the Chinese cyberspace has witnessed explosive growth. Among this content, the proliferation of toxic comments poses…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Ruixing Ren , Junhui Zhao , Xiaoke Sun , Qiuping Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in user-facing applications, raising concerns that they may reflect and amplify social biases. We investigate social identity biases in Chinese LLMs using Mandarin-specific prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Geng Liu , Feng Li , Junjie Mu , Mengxiao Zhu , Francesco Pierri

The proliferation of hate speech has inflicted significant societal harm, with its intensity and directionality closely tied to specific targets and arguments. In recent years, numerous machine learning-based methods have been developed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zewen Bai , Liang Yang , Shengdi Yin , Yuanyuan Sun , Hongfei Lin

Language model detoxification aims to minimize the risk of generating offensive or harmful content in pretrained language models (PLMs) for safer deployment. Existing methods can be roughly categorized as finetuning-based and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Chak Tou Leong , Yi Cheng , Jiashuo Wang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li

Recent research has highlighted that assigning specific personas to large language models (LLMs) can significantly increase harmful content generation. However, limited attention has been given to persona-driven toxicity in non-Western…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Geng Liu , Li Feng , Carlo Alberto Bono , Songbo Yang , Mengxiao Zhu , Francesco Pierri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to Software Engineering (SE), increasingly used in development workflows. However, their widespread adoption raises concerns about the presence and propagation of toxic language - harmful or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hao Zhuo , Yicheng Yang , Kewen Peng

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in multimodal processing, including end-to-end speech-based language models that enable natural interactions and perform specific tasks in task-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Enzhi Wang , Qicheng Li , Shiwan Zhao , Aobo Kong , Jiaming Zhou , Xi Yang , Yequan Wang , Yonghua Lin , Yong Qin

This paper has been accepted in the NeurIPS 2024 D & B Track. Harmful memes have proliferated on the Chinese Internet, while research on detecting Chinese harmful memes significantly lags behind due to the absence of reliable datasets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Junyu Lu , Bo Xu , Xiaokun Zhang , Hongbo Wang , Haohao Zhu , Dongyu Zhang , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yuxia Wang , Zenan Zhai , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Lizhi Lin , Zhenxuan Zhang , Jingru Zhao , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

Content moderation on social media platforms shapes the dynamics of online discourse, influencing whose voices are amplified and whose are suppressed. Recent studies have raised concerns about the fairness of content moderation practices,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rebecca Dorn , Lee Kezar , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly applied to automated harmful content detection tasks, assisting moderators in identifying policy violations and improving the overall efficiency and accuracy of content review. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Kangwei Liu , Siyuan Cheng , Bozhong Tian , Xiaozhuan Liang , Yuyang Yin , Meng Han , Ningyu Zhang , Bryan Hooi , Xi Chen , Shumin Deng

The spread of toxic content online is an important problem that has adverse effects on user experience online and in our society at large. Motivated by the importance and impact of the problem, research focuses on developing solutions to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Xinlei He , Savvas Zannettou , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

With the rapid development of Large language models (LLMs), understanding the capabilities of LLMs in identifying unsafe content has become increasingly important. While previous works have introduced several benchmarks to evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hengxiang Zhang , Hongfu Gao , Qiang Hu , Guanhua Chen , Lili Yang , Bingyi Jing , Hongxin Wei , Bing Wang , Haifeng Bai , Lei Yang

The proliferation of hate speech has caused significant harm to society. The intensity and directionality of hate are closely tied to the target and argument it is associated with. However, research on hate speech detection in Chinese has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zewen Bai , Shengdi Yin , Junyu Lu , Jingjie Zeng , Haohao Zhu , Yuanyuan Sun , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin
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