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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and reasoning, but suffer from hallucination: the generation of factually incorrect content. While numerous methods have been developed to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Mohor Banerjee , Nadya Yuki Wangsajaya , Syed Ali Redha Alsagoff , Min Sen Tan , Zachary Choy Kit Chun , Alvin Chan Guo Wei

The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Clinical summarization is crucial in healthcare as it distills complex medical data into digestible information, enhancing patient understanding and care management. Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant potential in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Anindya Bijoy Das , Shibbir Ahmed , Shahnewaz Karim Sakib

Hallucination detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of large language models (LLMs) in context-based generation. Prior work has explored intrinsic signals available during generation, among which attention offers a direct view…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Siya Qi , Yudong Chen , Runcong Zhao , Qinglin Zhu , Zhanghao Hu , Wei Liu , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan , Lin Gui

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide variety of natural language tasks. However, they have been shown to suffer from a critical limitation pertinent to 'hallucination' in their output. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Neeraj Varshney , Satyam Raj , Venkatesh Mishra , Agneet Chatterjee , Ritika Sarkar , Amir Saeidi , Chitta Baral

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have considerably advanced the capabilities of summarization systems. However, they continue to face concerns about hallucinations. While prior work has evaluated LLMs extensively in news…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sanjana Ramprasad , Elisa Ferracane , Zachary C. Lipton

Object hallucination is a significant challenge that hinders the application of large vision-language models (LVLMs) in practice. We hypothesize that one possible origin of hallucination is the model's tendency to prioritize text generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Meng Shen , Minghao Wu , Deepu Rajan

We investigate the impact of hallucinations and Cognitive Forcing Functions in human-AI collaborative content-grounded data generation, focusing on the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in generating high quality conversational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zahra Ashktorab , Qian Pan , Werner Geyer , Michael Desmond , Marina Danilevsky , James M. Johnson , Casey Dugan , Michelle Bachman

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising solutions for text summarization. However, some domains require specific information to be available in the summaries. Generating these domain-adapted summaries is still an open challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Gaya Mehenni , Amal Zouaq

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their propensity for hallucination, generating plausible but factually incorrect or fabricated content, remains a critical challenge. This report provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Manuel Cossio

This research work delves into the manifestation of hallucination within Large Language Models (LLMs) and its consequential impacts on applications within the domain of mental health. The primary objective is to discern effective strategies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Abdul Muqtadir , Hafiz Syed Muhammad Bilal , Ayesha Yousaf , Hafiz Farooq Ahmed , Jamil Hussain

Large language models (LLMs) are integrated into applications like shopping reviews, summarization, or medical diagnosis support, where their use affects human decisions. We investigate the extent to which LLMs expose users to biased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Abeer Alessa , Param Somane , Akshaya Lakshminarasimhan , Julian Skirzynski , Julian McAuley , Jessica Echterhoff

Hallucination in a foundation model (FM) refers to the generation of content that strays from factual reality or includes fabricated information. This survey paper provides an extensive overview of recent efforts that aim to identify,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Vipula Rawte , Amit Sheth , Amitava Das

Detecting hallucinations in large language model (LLM) outputs is pivotal, yet traditional fine-tuning for this classification task is impeded by the expensive and quickly outdated annotation process, especially across numerous vertical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Dongxu Zhang , Varun Gangal , Barrett Martin Lattimer , Yi Yang

Hallucination is often viewed as a direct consequence of missing knowledge: a model answers incorrectly when the correct answer is absent from its generation-time distribution, and correctly when it is present. We test this assumption by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jewon Yeom , Jaewon Sok , Heejun Kim , Seonghyeon Park , Jeongjae Park , Taesup Kim

Concerns regarding the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce inaccurate outputs, also known as hallucinations, have escalated. Detecting them is vital for ensuring the reliability of applications relying on LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ernesto Quevedo , Jorge Yero , Rachel Koerner , Pablo Rivas , Tomas Cerny

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a powerful ability for text generation. However, achieving optimal results with a given prompt or instruction can be challenging, especially for billion-sized models. Additionally, undesired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Lifu Tu , Semih Yavuz , Jin Qu , Jiacheng Xu , Rui Meng , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

Since the introduction of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in various tasks, such as answering questions through retrieval-augmented generation. Context can be retrieved using a vectorized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Ming Cheung

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to hallucinations -- factually incorrect outputs -- leading to a large body of work on detecting and mitigating such cases. We argue that it is important to distinguish between two types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Adi Simhi , Jonathan Herzig , Idan Szpektor , Yonatan Belinkov

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit undesirable behaviors, such as hallucinations and sequence repetitions. We propose to view these behaviors as fallbacks that models exhibit under epistemic uncertainty, and investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Maor Ivgi , Ori Yoran , Jonathan Berant , Mor Geva
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