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Reduced density matrices (RDMs) are fundamental in quantum information processing, allowing the computation of local observables, such as energy and correlation functions, without the exponential complexity of fully characterizing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Zherui Jerry Wang , David Dechant , Yash J. Patel , Jordi Tura

Many applications of quantum simulation require to prepare and then characterize quantum states by performing an efficient partial tomography to estimate observables corresponding to $k$-body reduced density matrices ($k$-RDMs). For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-24 Xavier Bonet-Monroig , Ryan Babbush , Thomas E. O'Brien

The possible state space dimension increases exponentially with respect to the number of qubits. This feature makes the quantum state tomography expensive and impractical for identifying the state of merely several qubits. The recent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-28 Kezhi Li , Shuang Cong

Density matrix exponentiation (DME) is a general procedure that converts an unknown quantum state into the Hamiltonian evolution. This enables state-dependent operations and can reveal nontrivial properties of the state, among other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-19 Kaito Wada , Jumpei Kato , Hiroyuki Harada , Naoki Yamamoto

Estimation of physical observables for unknown quantum states is an important problem that underlies a wide range of fields, including quantum information processing, quantum physics, and quantum chemistry. In the context of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Yuma Nakamura , Yoshichika Yano , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

We present a two-step protocol for quantum measurement tomography that is light on classical co-processing cost and still achieves optimal sample complexity in the system dimension. Given measurement data from a known probe state ensemble,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Leonardo Zambrano , Sergi Ramos-Calderer , Richard Kueng

Model-independent estimation of the properties of quantum states is a central challenge in quantum technologies, as experimental imperfections, drifts, and imprecise models of the actual quantum dynamics inevitably hinder accurate…

We initiate the study of online quantum state tomography (QST), where the matrix representation of an unknown quantum state is reconstructed by sequentially performing a batch of measurements and updating the state estimate using only the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Jian-Feng Cai , Yuling Jiao , Yinan Li , Xiliang Lu , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Juntao You

Adaptive techniques have important potential for wide applications in enhancing precision of quantum parameter estimation. We present a recursively adaptive quantum state tomography (RAQST) protocol for finite dimensional quantum systems…

Predicting properties of complex, large-scale quantum systems is essential for developing quantum technologies. We present an efficient method for constructing an approximate classical description of a quantum state using very few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Hsin-Yuan Huang , Richard Kueng , John Preskill

Variational quantum algorithms, optimized using gradient-based methods, often exhibit sub-optimal convergence performance due to their dependence on Euclidean geometry. Quantum natural gradient descent (QNGD) is a more efficient method that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Mohammad Aamir Sohail , Mohsen Heidari , S. Sandeep Pradhan

We present a scalable method for the tomography of large multiqubit quantum registers. It acquires information about the permutationally invariant part of the density operator, which is a good approximation to the true state in many,…

We analyze general enough models of repeated indirect measurements in which a quantum system interacts repeatedly with randomly chosen probes on which Von Neumann direct measurements are performed. We prove, under suitable hypotheses, that…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Michel Bauer , Tristan Benoist , Denis Bernard

Scalable characterization of quantum processors is crucial for mitigating noise and imperfections. While randomized measurement protocols enable efficient access to local observables, inferring a globally consistent description of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Zidu Liu , Dominik S. Wild

Predicting features of complex, large-scale quantum systems is essential to the characterization and engineering of quantum architectures. We present an efficient approach for constructing an approximate classical description, called the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-26 Hsin-Yuan Huang , Richard Kueng

We present a compressive quantum process tomography scheme that fully characterizes any rank-deficient completely-positive process with no a priori information about the process apart from the dimension of the system on which the process…

Quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements improve sensitivity by evading measurement back-action. The technique was first proposed to detect mechanical oscillations in gravity wave detectors,and demonstrated in the measurement of optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-25 R. J. Sewell , M. Napolitano , N. Behbood , G. Colangelo , M. W. Mitchell

Classical shadow tomography has become a powerful tool in learning about quantum states prepared on a quantum computer. Recent works have used classical shadows to variationally enforce N-representability conditions on the 2-particle…

Learning quantum state properties is both a fundamental and practical problem in quantum information theory. Classical shadows have emerged as an efficient method for estimating properties of unknown quantum states, with rigorous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Hugo Thomas , Ulysse Chabaud , Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven method for estimating the dynamics of a discrete dynamical system. This paper proposes a tensor-based approach to DMD for applications in which the states can be viewed as tensors.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Arvind K. Saibaba , Misha E. Kilmer , Khalil Hall-Hooper , Fan Tian , Alex Mize