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Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to temporally locate abnormal events in a video. Existing works mostly rely on training deep models to learn the distribution of normality with either video-level supervision, one-class supervision, or in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Luca Zanella , Willi Menapace , Massimiliano Mancini , Yiming Wang , Elisa Ricci

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) finds widespread applications in security surveillance, traffic monitoring, industrial monitoring, and healthcare. Despite extensive research efforts, there remains a lack of concise reviews that provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Liyun Zhu , Lei Wang , Arjun Raj , Tom Gedeon , Chen Chen

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is an open-set recognition task, which is usually formulated as a one-class classification (OCC) problem, where training data is comprised of videos with normal instances while test data contains both normal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ayush K. Rai , Tarun Krishna , Feiyan Hu , Alexandru Drimbarean , Kevin McGuinness , Alan F. Smeaton , Noel E. O'Connor

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is crucial for applications such as security surveillance and autonomous driving. However, existing VAD methods provide little rationale behind detection, hindering public trust in real-world deployments. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yuchen Yang , Kwonjoon Lee , Behzad Dariush , Yinzhi Cao , Shao-Yuan Lo

Video anomaly detection (VAD) is a significant computer vision problem. Existing deep neural network (DNN) based VAD methods mostly follow the route of frame reconstruction or frame prediction. However, the lack of mining and learning of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Zhiwei Yang , Jing Liu , Zhaoyang Wu , Peng Wu , Xiaotao Liu

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to locate events that deviate from normal patterns in videos. Traditional approaches often rely on extensive labeled data and incur high computational costs. Recent tuning-free methods based on Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Zhaolin Cai , Fan Li , Ziwei Zheng , Haixia Bi , Lijun He

Video anomaly detection (VAD) has witnessed significant advancements through the integration of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), addressing critical challenges such as interpretability, temporal reasoning, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xi Ding , Lei Wang

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD), which aims to detect anomalies that deviate from expectation, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Existing advancements in VAD primarily focus on model architectures and training strategies,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zihao Liu , Xiaoyu Wu , Wenna Li , Linlin Yang , Shengjin Wang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to discover behaviors or events deviating from the normality in videos. As a long-standing task in the field of computer vision, VAD has witnessed much good progress. In the era of deep learning, with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Peng Wu , Chengyu Pan , Yuting Yan , Guansong Pang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has traditionally been framed as binary classification or outlier detection, providing neither interpretable reasoning nor precise spatial localization of anomalous events. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Sakshi Agarwal , Aishik Konwer , Ankit Parag Shah

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive general competence in video understanding, yet their reliability for real-world Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) remains largely unexplored. Unlike conventional pipelines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shanle Yao , Armin Danesh Pazho , Narges Rashvand , Hamed Tabkhi

Anomaly detection has attracted considerable search attention. However, existing anomaly detection databases encounter two major problems. Firstly, they are limited in scale. Secondly, training sets contain only video-level labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Boyang Wan , Wenhui Jiang , Yuming Fang , Zhiyuan Luo , Guanqun Ding

Video Anomaly Detection(VAD) has been traditionally tackled in two main methodologies: the reconstruction-based approach and the prediction-based one. As the reconstruction-based methods learn to generalize the input image, the model merely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Joo-Yeon Lee , Woo-Jeoung Nam , Seong-Whan Lee

In autonomous driving, the most challenging scenarios can only be detected within their temporal context. Most video anomaly detection approaches focus either on surveillance or traffic accidents, which are only a subfield of autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Daniel Bogdoll , Jan Imhof , Tim Joseph , Svetlana Pavlitska , J. Marius Zöllner

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) serves as a pivotal technology in the intelligent surveillance systems, enabling the temporal or spatial identification of anomalous events within videos. While existing reviews predominantly concentrate on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yang Liu , Dingkang Yang , Yan Wang , Jing Liu , Jun Liu , Azzedine Boukerche , Peng Sun , Liang Song

This paper aims to address the unsupervised video anomaly detection (VAD) problem, which involves classifying each frame in a video as normal or abnormal, without any access to labels. To accomplish this, the proposed method employs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Anil Osman Tur , Nicola Dall'Asen , Cigdem Beyan , Elisa Ricci

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has emerged as a pivotal task in computer vision, with broad relevance across multiple fields. Recent advances in deep learning have driven significant progress in this area, yet the field remains fragmented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre , Armin Danesh Pazho , Hamed Tabkhi

Anomaly detection has gained considerable attention due to its broad range of applications, particularly in industrial defect detection. To address the challenges of data collection, researchers have introduced zero-/few-shot anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Chaoqin Huang , Aofan Jiang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Event-based vision, characterized by low redundancy, focus on dynamic motion, and inherent privacy-preserving properties, naturally fits the demands of video anomaly detection (VAD). However, the absence of dedicated event-stream anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Peng Wu , Yuting Yan , Guansong Pang , Yujia Sun , Qingsen Yan , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Recent efforts towards video anomaly detection (VAD) try to learn a deep autoencoder to describe normal event patterns with small reconstruction errors. The video inputs with large reconstruction errors are regarded as anomalies at the test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yuandu Lai , Yahong Han , Yaowei Wang