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The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant improvements in various natural language processing tasks. However, the evaluation of LLMs' legal knowledge, particularly in non-English languages such as…

In recent years, low-resource Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) has made significant progress, with models getting remarkable performance on various language datasets. However, none of these models have been customized for the Urdu…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Samreen Kazi , Shakeel Khoja

Despite demonstrating impressive capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still often struggle to accurately express the factual knowledge they possess, especially in cases where the LLMs' knowledge boundaries are ambiguous. To improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Boyang Xue , Fei Mi , Qi Zhu , Hongru Wang , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Erxin Yu , Xuming Hu , Kam-Fai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on vast and diverse internet corpora that often include inaccurate or misleading content. Consequently, LLMs can generate misinformation, making robust fact-checking essential. This review…

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable achievements, yet the generation of non-factual responses remains prevalent in fact-seeking question answering (QA). Current multimodal fact-seeking benchmarks primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yanling Wang , Yihan Zhao , Xiaodong Chen , Shasha Guo , Lixin Liu , Haoyang Li , Yong Xiao , Jing Zhang , Qi Li , Ke Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used, but they often generate subtle factual errors, especially in long-form text. These errors are fatal in some specialized domains such as medicine. Existing fact-checking with grounding documents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yingjian Chen , Haoran Liu , Yinhong Liu , Jinxiang Xie , Rui Yang , Han Yuan , Yanran Fu , Peng Yuan Zhou , Qingyu Chen , James Caverlee , Irene Li

The proliferation of misinformation necessitates scalable, automated fact-checking solutions. Yet, current benchmarks often overlook multilingual and topical diversity. This paper introduces a novel, dynamically extensible data set that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Lorraine Saju , Arnim Bleier , Jana Lasser , Claudia Wagner

Large language models (LLMs) have excelled across domains, also delivering notable performance on the medical evaluation benchmarks, such as MedQA. However, there still exists a significant gap between the reported performance and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yuxuan Zhou , Xien Liu , Chen Ning , Ji Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capability in language generation and understanding, but their tendency to hallucinate and produce factually incorrect information remains a key limitation. To verify LLM-generated contents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kushan Mitra , Dan Zhang , Sajjadur Rahman , Estevam Hruschka

Reasoning-focused Question Answering (QA) has advanced rapidly with Large Language Models (LLMs), yet high-quality benchmarks for low-resource languages remain scarce. Persian, spoken by roughly 130 million people, lacks a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jamshid Mozafari , Seyed Parsa Mousavinasab , Adam Jatowt

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation framework for aligning Persian Large Language Models (LLMs) with critical ethical dimensions, including safety, fairness, and social norms. It addresses the gaps in existing LLM evaluation…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel on standardized medical exams, high scores often fail to translate to high-quality responses for real-world medical queries. Current evaluations rely heavily on multiple-choice questions, failing to…

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising knowledge and reasoning abilities, yet their performance in multilingual and low-resource settings remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks often exhibit cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

FActScore has gained popularity as a metric to estimate the factuality of long-form texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) in English. However, there has not been any work in studying the behavior of FActScore in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Kim Trong Vu , Michael Krumdick , Varshini Reddy , Franck Dernoncourt , Viet Dac Lai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications requiring factual accuracy, yet their outputs often contain hallucinated responses. While fact-checking can mitigate these errors, existing methods typically retrieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Haoran Wang , Maryam Khalid , Qiong Wu , Jian Gao , Cheng Cao

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human communication, decision support, content creation, and information retrieval. Despite impressive fluency, these systems frequently produce biased or stereotypical content, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Muneeb Ur Raheem Khan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) carry the potential to support humans in processing vast amounts of information. While MLLMs are already being used as a fact-checking tool, their abilities and limitations in this regard are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Jiahui Geng , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Preslav Nakov , Iryna Gurevych

The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has stimulated researchers to seek effective and efficient approaches to deal with LLM hallucinations and low-quality outputs. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a key element of…

Formal verification is the next frontier for ensuring the correctness of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). While methods that co-generate code and formal specifications in formal languages, like Dafny, can, in principle, prove…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lingfei Zeng , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Fei Ye , Xu Xu , Binhang Yuan , Jie Fu

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed fake news detection and fact-checking tasks from simple classification to complex reasoning. However, evaluation frameworks have not kept pace. Current benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Cheng Xu , Changhong Jin , Yingjie Niu , Nan Yan , Yuke Mei , Shuhao Guan , Liming Chen , M-Tahar Kechadi
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