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Graph neural networks (GNNs) have drawn increasing attention in recent years and achieved remarkable performance in many graph-based tasks, especially in semi-supervised learning on graphs. However, most existing GNNs are based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Li Zhou , Wenyu Chen , Dingyi Zeng , Shaohuan Cheng , Wanlong Liu , Malu Zhang , Hong Qu

Subgraph GNNs enhance message-passing GNNs expressivity by representing graphs as sets of subgraphs, demonstrating impressive performance across various tasks. However, their scalability is hindered by the need to process large numbers of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guy Bar-Shalom , Yam Eitan , Fabrizio Frasca , Haggai Maron

Traditional Graph Self-Supervised Learning (GSSL) struggles to capture complex structural properties well. This limitation stems from two main factors: (1) the inadequacy of conventional Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in representing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Asiri Wijesinghe , Hao Zhu , Piotr Koniusz

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in graph representation learning. Message passing neural networks, which learn representations through recursively aggregating information from each node and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Rongrong Ma , Guansong Pang , Ling Chen

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used to learn vector representation of graph-structured data and achieved better task performance than conventional methods. The foundation of GNNs is the message passing procedure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Takeshi D. Itoh , Takatomi Kubo , Kazushi Ikeda

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) leverage the graph structure to transmit information between nodes, typically through the message-passing mechanism. While these models have found a wide variety of applications, they are known to suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hugh Blayney , Álvaro Arroyo , Xiaowen Dong , Michael M. Bronstein

In this paper we cast neural networks defined on graphs as message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) in order to study the distinguishing power of different classes of such models. We are interested in whether certain architectures are able…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Floris Geerts , Filip Mazowiecki , Guillermo A. Pérez

Recent years have witnessed great success in handling graph-related tasks with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, most existing GNNs are based on message passing to perform feature aggregation and transformation, where the structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Lirong Wu , Haitao Lin , Guojiang Zhao , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

The dominant paradigm for learning on graph-structured data is message passing. Despite being a strong inductive bias, the local message passing mechanism suffers from pathological issues such as over-smoothing, over-squashing, and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jacob Bamberger , Federico Barbero , Xiaowen Dong , Michael M. Bronstein

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become essential for handling large-scale graph applications. However, the computational demands of GNNs necessitate the development of efficient methods to accelerate inference. Mixed precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Samir Moustafa , Nils M. Kriege , Wilfried N. Gansterer

Message passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide a powerful modeling framework for relational data. However, the expressive power of existing GNNs is upper-bounded by the 1-Weisfeiler-Lehman (1-WL) graph isomorphism test, which means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Jiaxuan You , Jonathan Gomes-Selman , Rex Ying , Jure Leskovec

Graph neural networks are popular architectures for graph machine learning, based on iterative computation of node representations of an input graph through a series of invariant transformations. A large class of graph neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ben Finkelshtein , Xingyue Huang , Michael Bronstein , İsmail İlkan Ceylan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become essential in high-stakes domains such as drug discovery, yet their black-box nature remains a significant barrier to trustworthiness. While self-explainable GNNs attempt to bridge this gap, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Chuqin Geng , Li Zhang , Haolin Ye , Ziyu Zhao , Yuhe Jiang , Tara Saba , Xinyu Wang , Xujie Si

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved champion in wide applications. Neural message passing is a typical key module for feature propagation by aggregating neighboring features. In this work, we propose a new message passing based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Xinliang Liu , Bingxin Zhou , Chutian Zhang , Yu Guang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success in node classification tasks over relational data, yet their effectiveness often depends on the availability of complete node features. In many real-world scenarios, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Etzion Harari , Moshe Unger

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are an effective framework for representation learning of graphs. GNNs follow a neighborhood aggregation scheme, where the representation vector of a node is computed by recursively aggregating and transforming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Keyulu Xu , Weihua Hu , Jure Leskovec , Stefanie Jegelka

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in many graph learning tasks. The main aspect powering existing GNNs is the multi-layer network architecture to learn the nonlinear graph representations for the specific learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Beibei Wang , Bo Jiang

In recent years, Graph Neural Network (GNN) has bloomly progressed for its power in processing graph-based data. Most GNNs follow a message passing scheme, and their expressive power is mathematically limited by the discriminative ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Alan J. X. Guo , Qing-Hu Hou , Ou Wu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show strong expressive power on graph data mining, by aggregating information from neighbors and using the integrated representation in the downstream tasks. The same aggregation methods and parameters for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Xiaojun Ma , Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Guojie Song , Liang Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on graph learning tasks, but training on large-scale networks remains computationally challenging. Transferability results show that GNNs with fixed weights can generalize from smaller…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Haoyu Wang , Renyuan Ma , Gonzalo Mateos , Luana Ruiz