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K-12 educators are increasingly using Large Language Models (LLMs) to create instructional materials. These systems excel at producing fluent, coherent content, but often lack support for high-quality teaching. The reason is twofold: first,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiayi Wang , Ruiwei Xiao , Xinying Hou , John Stamper

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have accomplished remarkable breakthroughs in solving large-scale decision-making tasks. Nonetheless, most existing MARL algorithms are model-free, limiting sample efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Qihan Liu , Jianing Ye , Xiaoteng Ma , Jun Yang , Bin Liang , Chongjie Zhang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in data analytics when integrated with Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, these systems often struggle with complex tasks that involve diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yi Huang , Fangyin Cheng , Fan Zhou , Jiahui Li , Jian Gong , Hongjun Yang , Zhidong Fan , Caigao Jiang , Siqiao Xue , Faqiang Chen

In this paper, we propose to incorporate the blackboard architecture into LLM multi-agent systems (MASs) so that (1) agents with various roles can share all the information and others' messages during the whole problem-solving process, (2)…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Bochen Han , Songmao Zhang

A large amount of work has been done in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for modeling and solving problems with multiple interacting agents. However, most LLMs are pretrained independently and not specifically optimized for coordination. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Shuo Liu , Tianle Chen , Zeyu Liang , Xueguang Lyu , Christopher Amato

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building fully autonomous agents. However, fully autonomous LLM-based agents still face significant challenges, including limited reliability due to…

Therapy recommendation for chronic patients with multimorbidity is challenging due to risks of treatment conflicts. Existing decision support systems face scalability limitations. Inspired by the way in which general practitioners (GP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yicong Wu , Ting Chen , Irit Hochberg , Zhoujian Sun , Ruth Edry , Zhengxing Huang , Mor Peleg

Simulation-based verification is beneficial for assessing otherwise dangerous or costly on-road testing of autonomous vehicles (AV). This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently generating effective tests for simulation-based AV…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Greg Chance , Abanoub Ghobrial , Severin Lemaignan , Tony Pipe , Kerstin Eder

Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) enable complex problem-solving but introduce significant debugging challenges, characterized by long interaction traces, inter-agent dependencies, and delayed error manifestation.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiazheng Li , Emine Yilmaz , Bei Chen , Dieu-Thu Le

Self-evolving Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a scalable path toward super-intelligence by autonomously generating, refining, and learning from their own experiences. However, existing methods for training such models still rely heavily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Chengsong Huang , Wenhao Yu , Xiaoyang Wang , Hongming Zhang , Zongxia Li , Ruosen Li , Jiaxin Huang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agents have enabled sophisticated systems to tackle complex, multi-step tasks, but their escalating costs threaten scalability and accessibility. This work presents the first…

Large Language Models (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) have emerged as a new paradigm in software system design, increasingly demonstrating strong reasoning and collaboration capabilities. As these systems become more complex and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lingzhe Zhang , Tong Jia , Mingyu Wang , Weijie Hong , Chiming Duan , Minghua He , Rongqian Wang , Xi Peng , Meiling Wang , Gong Zhang , Renhai Chen , Ying Li

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) are revolutionizing transportation by reducing human intervention, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing safety. Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into ADSs to support high-level…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yaozu Wu , Dongyuan Li , Yankai Chen , Renhe Jiang , Henry Peng Zou , Wei-Chieh Huang , Yangning Li , Liancheng Fang , Zhen Wang , Philip S. Yu

Multi-agent systems (MAS) enable complex reasoning by coordinating multiple agents, but often incur high inference latency due to multi-step execution and repeated model invocations, severely limiting their scalability and usability in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Xi Shi , Mengxin Zheng , Qian Lou

This study presents the LLM-Agent-Controller, a multi-agent large language model (LLM) system developed to address a wide range of problems in control engineering (Control Theory). The system integrates a central controller agent with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rasoul Zahedifar , Sayyed Ali Mirghasemi , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah , Alireza Taheri

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown promise in tackling complex tasks. However, existing solutions often suffer from limited agent coordination and heavy reliance on predefined Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), which demand…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Qian Wang , Tianyu Wang , Zhenheng Tang , Qinbin Li , Nuo Chen , Jingsheng Liang , Bingsheng He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities as autonomous agents through tool use, planning, and decision-making abilities, leading to their widespread adoption across diverse tasks. As task complexity grows,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ishan Kavathekar , Hemang Jain , Ameya Rathod , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Tanuja Ganu

Multi-agent systems (MAS) composed of large language models often exhibit improved problem-solving performance despite operating on identical information. In this work, we provide a formal explanation for this phenomenon grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Christopher Scofield

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) excel at accomplishing complex objectives through the collaborative efforts of individual agents. Among the methodologies employed in MAS, Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) stands out as one of the most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Chenhao Yao , Zike Yuan , Xiaoxu Liu , Chi Zhu

Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are susceptible to linguistic attacks that can trigger cascading failures across the network. Existing defenses face a fundamental dilemma: lightweight single-auditor methods are…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kaixiang Wang , Zhaojiacheng Zhou , Bunyod Suvonov , Jiong Lou , Jie LI