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Nonlinear dynamical systems are ubiquitous in science and engineering, yet analysis and prediction of these systems remains a challenge. Koopman operator theory circumvents some of these issues by considering the dynamics in the space of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-17 Mason Kamb , Eurika Kaiser , Steven L. Brunton , J. Nathan Kutz

Causal discovery from time series is a fundamental task in machine learning. However, its widespread adoption is hindered by a reliance on untestable causal assumptions and by the lack of robustness-oriented evaluation in existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Huiyang Yi , Xiaojian Shen , Yonggang Wu , Duxin Chen , He Wang , Wenwu Yu

Most real world phenomena such as sunlight distribution under a forest canopy, minerals concentration, stock valuation, exhibit nonstationary dynamics i.e. phenomenon variation changes depending on the locality. Nonstationary dynamics pose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Sahil Garg

Inferring causal relationships from observational data is rarely straightforward, but the problem is especially difficult in high dimensions. For these applications, causal discovery algorithms typically require parametric restrictions or…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-29 David S. Watson , Ricardo Silva

Causal inference in a nonlinear system of multivariate timeseries is instrumental in disentangling the intricate web of relationships among variables, enabling us to make more accurate predictions and gain deeper insights into real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Wasim Ahmad , Maha Shadaydeh , Joachim Denzler

Reachability analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems is a challenging and computationally expensive task. Computing the reachable states for linear systems, in contrast, can often be done efficiently in high dimensions. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Stanley Bak , Sergiy Bogomolov , Parasara Sridhar Duggirala , Adam R. Gerlach , Kostiantyn Potomkin

Estimating the state of a dynamical system from a series of noise-corrupted observations is fundamental in many areas of science and engineering. The most well-known method, the Kalman smoother (and the related Kalman filter), relies on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-24 Luca Ambrogioni , Umut Güçlü , Eric Maris , Marcel van Gerven

Many frameworks exist to infer cause and effect relations in complex nonlinear systems but a complete theory is lacking. A new framework is presented that is fully nonlinear, provides a complete information theoretic disentanglement of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-12 Peter Jan van Leeuwen , Michael DeCaria , Nachiketa Chakaborty , Manuel Pulido

Many real-world decision-making tasks require learning causal relationships between a set of variables. Traditional causal discovery methods, however, require that all variables are observed, which is often not feasible in practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 Raj Agrawal , Chandler Squires , Neha Prasad , Caroline Uhler

Discovering causal structures with latent variables from observational data is a fundamental challenge in causal discovery. Existing methods often rely on constraint-based, iterative discrete searches, limiting their scalability to large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Parjanya Prashant , Ignavier Ng , Kun Zhang , Biwei Huang

The aim in many sciences is to understand the mechanisms that underlie the observed distribution of variables, starting from a set of initial hypotheses. Causal discovery allows us to infer mechanisms as sets of cause and effect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ashka Shah , Adela DePavia , Nathaniel Hudson , Ian Foster , Rick Stevens

Causal discovery is challenging in general dynamical systems because, without strong structural assumptions, the underlying causal graph may not be identifiable even from interventional data. However, many real-world systems exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Panayiotis Panayiotou , Özgür Şimşek

This article presents a novel method for causal discovery with generalized structural equation models suited for analyzing diverse types of outcomes, including discrete, continuous, and mixed data. Causal discovery often faces challenges…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-26 Minjie Wang , Xiaotong Shen , Wei Pan

Causal discovery from observational data is an important tool in many branches of science. Under certain assumptions it allows scientists to explain phenomena, predict, and make decisions. In the large sample limit, sound and complete…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-13 Shami Nisimov , Yaniv Gurwicz , Raanan Y. Rohekar , Gal Novik

Previously, we showed that computational mechanic's causal states -- predictively-equivalent trajectory classes for a stochastic dynamical system -- can be cast into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The result is a widely-applicable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Alexandra M. Jurgens , Nicolas Brodu

Recently Koopman operator has become a promising data-driven tool to facilitate real-time control for unknown nonlinear systems. It maps nonlinear systems into equivalent linear systems in embedding space, ready for real-time linear control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Haojie Shi , Max Q. -H. Meng

Causal discovery in time-series is a fundamental problem in the machine learning community, enabling causal reasoning and decision-making in complex scenarios. Recently, researchers successfully discover causality by combining neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Yuxiao Cheng , Lianglong Li , Tingxiong Xiao , Zongren Li , Qin Zhong , Jinli Suo , Kunlun He

Classical machine learning techniques often struggle with overfitting and unreliable predictions when exposed to novel conditions. Introducing causality into the modelling process offers a promising way to mitigate these challenges by…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-28 David Zapata Gonzalez , Marcel Meyer , Oliver Mueller

Exploratory analysis of time series data can yield a better understanding of complex dynamical systems. Granger causality is a practical framework for analysing interactions in sequential data, applied in a wide range of domains. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Ričards Marcinkevičs , Julia E. Vogt

Causal discovery aims to infer causal relationships among variables from observational data, typically represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Most existing methods assume independent and identically distributed observations, an…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Alex Chen , Qing Zhou