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Large language models have achieved significant advancements in complex mathematical reasoning benchmarks, such as MATH. However, their substantial computational requirements present challenges for practical deployment. Model quantization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Runming Yang , Congkai Xie , Zheng Wang , Zhongwei Xie , Ngai Wong , Hongxia Yang

Memory-efficient finetuning of large language models (LLMs) has recently attracted huge attention with the increasing size of LLMs, primarily due to the constraints posed by GPU memory limitations and the effectiveness of these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Baohao Liao , Christian Herold , Shahram Khadivi , Christof Monz

The impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) come at the cost of substantial computational resources during deployment. While KV Cache can significantly reduce recomputation during inference, it also introduces additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yi Su , Yuechi Zhou , Quantong Qiu , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Ping Li , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Min Zhang

Transformer-based models have gained widespread popularity in both the computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) fields. However, significant challenges arise during post-training linear quantization, leading to noticeable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Jiun-Man Chen , Yu-Hsuan Chao , Yu-Jie Wang , Ming-Der Shieh , Chih-Chung Hsu , Wei-Fen Lin

Recently, significant progress has been made in developing reasoning-capable Large Language Models (LLMs) through long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. However, this long-CoT reasoning process imposes substantial memory overhead due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tengxuan Liu , Shiyao Li , Jiayi Yang , Tianchen Zhao , Feng Zhou , Xiaohui Song , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Federated fine-tuning provides a practical route to adapt large language models (LLMs) on edge devices without centralizing private data, yet in mobile deployments the training wall-clock is often bottlenecked by straggler-limited uplink…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Changyu Li , Shuanghong Huang , Jiashen Liu , Ming Lei , Jidu Xing , Kaishun Wu , Lu Wang , Fei Luo

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success with the growing model size. LLMs' size grows by $240\times$ every two years, which outpaces the hardware progress and makes model inference increasingly costly.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Cong Guo , Jiaming Tang , Weiming Hu , Jingwen Leng , Chen Zhang , Fan Yang , Yunxin Liu , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by the computational costs of processing massive datasets. We propose \textbf{QLESS} (Quantized Low-rank Gradient Similarity Search), which integrates gradient quantization with…

As the size of large language models grows exponentially, GPU memory has become a bottleneck for adapting these models to downstream tasks. In this paper, we aim to push the limits of memory-efficient training by minimizing memory usage on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sifeng Shang , Jiayi Zhou , Chenyu Lin , Minxian Li , Kaiyang Zhou

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has created significant challenges for efficient inference at scale. Unlike traditional workloads, LLM inference is constrained by both computation and the memory overhead of key-value (KV)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chengyi Nie , Nian Si , Zijie Zhou

Quantization is an essential and popular technique for improving the accessibility of large language models (LLMs) by reducing memory usage and computational costs while maintaining performance. In this study, we apply 4-bit Group Scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Sahil Sk , Debasish Dhal , Sonal Khosla , Sk Shahid , Sambit Shekhar , Akash Dhaka , Shantipriya Parida , Dilip K. Prasad , Ondřej Bojar

Instruction tuning has recently been recognized as an effective way of aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance their generalization ability across various tasks. However, when tuning publicly accessible, centralized LLMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Kaiyan Zhang , Ning Ding , Biqing Qi , Xuekai Zhu , Xinwei Long , Bowen Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across a wide range of tasks. However, LLMs often require larger batch sizes to enhance throughput or longer context lengths to meet task demands, which significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Zhihang Cai , Xingjun Zhang , Zhendong Tan , Zheng Wei

Quantization of foundational models (FMs) is significantly more challenging than traditional DNNs due to the emergence of large magnitude values called outliers. Existing outlier-aware algorithm-architecture co-design techniques either use…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Akshat Ramachandran , Souvik Kundu , Tushar Krishna

Large Language Models (LLMs), renowned for their remarkable performance across diverse domains, present a challenge when it comes to practical deployment due to their colossal model size. In response to this challenge, efforts have been…

Classifiers that are linear in their parameters, and trained by optimizing a convex loss function, have predictable behavior with respect to changes in the training data, initial conditions, and optimization. Such desirable properties are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Alessandro Achille , Aditya Golatkar , Avinash Ravichandran , Marzia Polito , Stefano Soatto

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing, yet the challenge of efficient adaptation remains unresolved. Full fine-tuning achieves strong performance but imposes prohibitive computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Emily Jimin Roh , Hyojun Ahn , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Soohyun Park , Joongheon Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks. However, their extensive memory requirements, particularly due to KV cache growth during long-text understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haoqi Yang , Yao Yao , Zuchao Li , Baoyuan Qi , Guoming Liu , Hai Zhao

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have set new benchmarks in speech processing, yet their deployment is hindered by the memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache during long-context inference. While general KV cache compression…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuxuan Wang , Peize He , Xiyan Gui , Xiaoqian Liu , Junhao He , Xuyang Liu , Zichen Wen , Xuming Hu , Linfeng Zhang

KV cache quantization reduces the memory cost of long-context LLM inference, but introduces approximation error that is typically validated only empirically. Existing systems rely on average-case robustness, with no mechanism to detect or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Dean Calver