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Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities in comprehending complex instructions. However, their blind adherence to provided instructions has led to concerns regarding risks of malicious use. Existing defence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-25 David Glukhov , Ilia Shumailov , Yarin Gal , Nicolas Papernot , Vardan Papyan

As Large Language Models (LLMs) of Prompt Jailbreaking are getting more and more attention, it is of great significance to raise a generalized research paradigm to evaluate attack strengths and a basic model to conduct subtler experiments.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Tianyu Zhang , Zixuan Zhao , Jiaqi Huang , Jingyu Hua , Sheng Zhong

Cloud compute systems allow administrators to write access control policies that govern access to private data. While policies are written in convenient languages, such as AWS Identity and Access Management Policy Language, manually written…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Adarsh Vatsa , Pratyush Patel , William Eiers

Safety alignment is critical for LLM-powered systems. While recent LLM-powered guardrail approaches such as LlamaGuard achieve high detection accuracy of unsafe inputs written in English (e.g., ``How to create a bomb?''), they struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Wenliang Shan , Michael Fu , Rui Yang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought forth a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks through visual inputs. This paper investigates the novel challenge of defending MLLMs against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Jianshu Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Rui Pan , Qing Lian , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as computer-use agents, autonomously performing tasks within real desktop or web environments. While this evolution greatly expands practical use cases for humans, it also creates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sejin Lee , Jian Kim , Haon Park , Ashkan Yousefpour , Sangyoon Yu , Min Song

Ensuring the safe alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical as they become integral to applications like translation and question answering. Current alignment methods struggle with dynamic user intentions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rima Hazra , Sayan Layek , Somnath Banerjee , Soujanya Poria

User simulation is increasingly vital to develop and evaluate recommender systems (RSs). While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising avenues to simulate user behavior, they often struggle with the absence of specific task alignment…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Tianjun Wei , Huizhong Guo , Yingpeng Du , Zhu Sun , Huang Chen , Dongxia Wang , Jie Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are acquiring a wider range of capabilities, including understanding and responding in multiple languages. While they undergo safety training to prevent them from answering illegal questions, imbalances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Likai Tang , Niruth Bogahawatta , Yasod Ginige , Jiarui Xu , Shixuan Sun , Surangika Ranathunga , Suranga Seneviratne

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been demonstrated to generate illegal or unethical responses, particularly when subjected to "jailbreak." Research on jailbreak has highlighted the safety issues of LLMs. However, prior studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Zhenhong Zhou , Jiuyang Xiang , Haopeng Chen , Quan Liu , Zherui Li , Sen Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly popular, powering a wide range of applications. Their widespread use has sparked concerns, especially through jailbreak attacks that bypass safety measures to produce harmful content. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhengchun Shang , Wenlan Wei , Weiheng Bai

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in enterprise settings where they interact with multiple users and are trained or fine-tuned on sensitive internal data. While fine-tuning enhances performance by internalizing domain…

Identifying the vulnerabilities of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for improving their safety by addressing inherent weaknesses. Jailbreaks, in which adversaries bypass safeguards with crafted input prompts, play a central role in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Hamin Koo , Minseon Kim , Jaehyung Kim

Today's business organizations need access control systems that can handle complex, changing security requirements that go beyond what traditional methods can manage. Current approaches, such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sharif Noor Zisad , Ragib Hasan

It has recently been shown that adversarial attacks on large language models (LLMs) can "jailbreak" the model into making harmful statements. In this work, we argue that the spectrum of adversarial attacks on LLMs is much larger than merely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jonas Geiping , Alex Stein , Manli Shu , Khalid Saifullah , Yuxin Wen , Tom Goldstein

Due to the remarkable capabilities and growing impact of large language models (LLMs), they have been deeply integrated into many aspects of society. Thus, ensuring their alignment with human values and intentions has emerged as a critical…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are widely used in vision-language reasoning tasks. However, their vulnerability to adversarial prompts remains a serious concern, as safety mechanisms often fail to prevent the generation of harmful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zuoou Li , Weitong Zhang , Jingyuan Wang , Shuyuan Zhang , Wenjia Bai , Bernhard Kainz , Mengyun Qiao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance and have been put into practical use in commercial applications, but they still have potential safety mechanism vulnerabilities. Jailbreak attacks are red teaming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Shiji Zhao , Ranjie Duan , Fengxiang Wang , Chi Chen , Caixin Kang , Shouwei Ruan , Jialing Tao , YueFeng Chen , Hui Xue , Xingxing Wei

Large language models (LLMs) can handle a wide variety of general tasks with simple prompts, without the need for task-specific training. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), built upon LLMs, have demonstrated impressive potential in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tao Yu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Chaoyou Fu , Junkang Wu , Jinda Lu , Kun Wang , Xingyu Lu , Yunhang Shen , Guibin Zhang , Dingjie Song , Yibo Yan , Tianlong Xu , Qingsong Wen , Zhang Zhang , Yan Huang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

Despite the general capabilities of Large Language Models (LLM), these models still request fine-tuning or adaptation with customized data when meeting specific business demands. However, this process inevitably introduces new threats,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiongxiao Wang , Jiazhao Li , Yiquan Li , Xiangyu Qi , Junjie Hu , Yixuan Li , Patrick McDaniel , Muhao Chen , Bo Li , Chaowei Xiao