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Ethereum smart contracts are highly powerful, immutable, and able to retain massive amounts of tokens. However, smart contracts keep attracting attackers to benefit from smart contract flaws and Ethereum unexpected behavior. Thus,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Wejdene Haouari , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid , Marios Fokaefs

Ethereum has become a widely used platform to enable secure, Blockchain-based financial and business transactions. However, a major concern in Ethereum is the security of its smart contracts. Many identified bugs and vulnerabilities in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Zhipeng Gao , Vinoj Jayasundara , Lingxiao Jiang , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy

Most blockchains cannot hide the binary code of programs (i.e., smart contracts) running on them. To conceal proprietary business logic and to potentially deter attacks, many smart contracts are closed-source and employ layers of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Sen Yang , Kaihua Qin , Aviv Yaish , Fan Zhang

Smart contracts hold digital coins worth billions of dollars, their security issues have drawn extensive attention in the past years. Towards smart contract vulnerability detection, conventional methods heavily rely on fixed expert rules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Xiang Wang , Lei Zhu , Qinming He , Shouling Ji

Developers of smart contracts pervasively reuse subcontracts to improve development efficiency. Like any program language, such subcontract reuse may unexpectedly include, or introduce vulnerabilities to the end-point smart contract.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zeqin Liao , Yuhong Nan , Zixu Gao , Henglong Liang , Sicheng Hao , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng

Mission-critical embedded software is critical to our society's infrastructure but can be subject to new security vulnerabilities as technology advances. When security issues arise, Reverse Engineers (REs) use Software Reverse Engineering…

Smart contract vulnerability detection draws extensive attention in recent years due to the substantial losses caused by hacker attacks. Existing efforts for contract security analysis heavily rely on rigid rules defined by experts, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Xiaoyang Wang , Yuan Zhuang , Lin Qiu , Xun Wang

Vulnerability identification constitutes a task of high importance for cyber security. It is quite helpful for locating and fixing vulnerable functions in large applications. However, this task is rather challenging owing to the absence of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Ammar Ahmed , Anwar Said , Mudassir Shabbir , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Smart contracts are blockchain programs that often handle valuable assets. Writing secure smart contracts is far from trivial, and any vulnerability may lead to significant financial losses. To support developers in identifying and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Monika di Angelo , Thomas Durieux , João F. Ferreira , Gernot Salzer

Smart contracts are small programs that run autonomously on the blockchain, using it as their persistent memory. The predominant platform for smart contracts is the Ethereum VM (EVM). In EVM smart contracts, a problem with significant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sifis Lagouvardos , Yannis Bollanos , Michael Debono , Neville Grech , Yannis Smaragdakis

Software reuse, especially partial reuse, poses legal and security threats to software development. Since its source codes are usually unavailable, software reuse is hard to be detected with interpretation. On the other hand, current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Xi Xu , Qinghua Zheng , Zheng Yan , Ming Fan , Ang Jia , Ting Liu

Efficient and accurate path-sensitive analyses pose the challenges of: (a) analyzing an exponentially-increasing number of paths in a control-flow graph (CFG), and (b) checking feasibility of paths in a CFG. We address these challenges by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Ahmed Tamrawi , Suresh Kothari

In recent years, code security has become increasingly important, especially with the rise of interconnected technologies. Detecting vulnerabilities early in the software development process has demonstrated numerous benefits. Consequently,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-22 José Gonçalves , Tiago Dias , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Smart contract technology facilitates self-executing agreements on the blockchain, eliminating dependency on an external trusted authority. However, smart contracts may expose vulnerabilities that can lead to financial losses and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Emre Balci , Timucin Aydede , Gorkem Yilmaz , Ece Gelal Soyak

One of the most important challenges in the field of software code audit is the presence of vulnerabilities in software source code. These flaws are highly likely ex-ploited and lead to system compromise, data leakage, or denial of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Mst Shapna Akter , Hossain Shahriar , Zakirul Alam Bhuiya

Fuzzing is a widely used technique for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts, which generates transaction sequences to explore the execution paths of smart contracts. However, existing fuzzers are falling short in detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jie Chen , Liangmin Wang

Smart contracts are frequently vulnerable to control-flow attacks based on confused deputies, reentrancy, and incorrect error handling. These attacks exploit the complexity of interactions among multiple possibly unknown contracts. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siqiu Yao , Haobin Ni , Stephanie Ma , Noah Schiff , Andrew C. Myers , Ethan Cecchetti

Software vulnerabilities represent one of the most pressing threats to computing systems. Identifying vulnerabilities in source code is crucial for protecting user privacy and reducing economic losses. Traditional static analysis tools rely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhonghao Jiang , Weifeng Sun , Xiaoyan Gu , Jiaxin Wu , Tao Wen , Haibo Hu , Meng Yan

With the increasing popularity of blockchain, different blockchain platforms coexist in the ecosystem (e.g., Ethereum, BNB, EOSIO, etc.), which prompts the high demand for cross-chain communication. Cross-chain bridge is a specific type of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zeqin Liao , Yuhong Nan , Henglong Liang , Sicheng Hao , Juan Zhai , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng

Smart contracts are autonomous and immutable pieces of code that are deployed on blockchain networks and run by miners. They were first introduced by Ethereum in 2014 and have since been used for various applications such as security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Mahdi Fooladgar , Fathiyeh Faghih