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The advances in satellite technology developments have recently seen a large number of small satellites being launched into space on Low Earth orbit (LEO) to collect massive data such as Earth observational imagery. The traditional way…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

Low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite communication networks have evolved into mega-constellations with hundreds to thousands of satellites inter-connecting with inter-satellite links (ISLs). Network planning, which plans for network resources…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Sheng Cen , Qiying Pan , Yifei Zhu , Bo Li

Training large language models (LLMs) in the cloud faces growing memory bottlenecks due to the limited capacity and high cost of GPUs. While GPU memory offloading to CPU and NVMe has made large-scale training more feasible, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sabiha Afroz , Redwan Ibne Seraj Khan , Hadeel Albahar , Jingoo Han , Ali R. Butt

Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation satellite networks have shown great potential to extend the coverage capability of conventional terrestrial networks. How to systematically define, quantify, and assess the technical performance of…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Yu Wang , Chuili Kong , Xian Meng , Hejia Luo , Ke-Xin Li , Jun Wang

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been prosperously deployed for various Earth observation missions due to its capability of collecting a large amount of image or sensor data. However, traditionally, the data training process is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Chih-Yu Chen , Li-Hsiang Shen , Kai-Ten Feng , Lie-Liang Yang , Jen-Ming Wu

Large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows have become increasingly prevalent for tackling complex tasks. However, the substantial Key-Value (KV) cache required for long-context LLMs poses significant deployment challenges.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jie Hu , Shengnan Wang , Yutong He , Ping Gong , Jiawei Yi , Juncheng Zhang , Youhui Bai , Renhai Chen , Gong Zhang , Cheng Li , Kun Yuan

Recently, sharing key-value (KV) cache across layers has been found effective in efficient inference of large language models (LLMs). To systematically investigate different techniques of cross-layer KV sharing, we propose a unified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 You Wu , Haoyi Wu , Kewei Tu

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are rapidly becoming essential enablers of next-generation wireless systems, offering global broadband access, high-precision localization, and reliable sensing beyond terrestrial coverage.…

Recently, mega-constellations with a massive number of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered as a possible solution for providing global coverage due to relatively low latency and high throughput compared to geosynchronous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dong-Hyun Jung , Gyeongrae Im , Joon-Gyu Ryu , Seungkeun Park , Heejung Yu , Junil Choi

With the rapid proliferation of large Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, a huge amount of in-orbit data is generated and needs to be transmitted to the ground for processing. However, traditional LEO satellite constellations,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Qiyang Zhang , Xin Yuan , Ruolin Xing , Yiran Zhang , Zimu Zheng , Xiao Ma , Mengwei Xu , Schahram Dustdar , Shangguang Wang

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems have gained increasing attention as a crucial supplement to terrestrial wireless networks due to their extensive coverage area. This letter presents a novel system design for LEO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shining Lin , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

The number of Low Earth Orbit~(LEO) satellites has grown enormously in the past years. Their abundance and low orbits allow for low latency communication with a satellite almost anywhere on Earth, and high-speed inter-satellite laser…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Thomas Pusztai , Cynthia Marcelino , Stefan Nastic

In this paper, we present our work in designing and implementing a LEO satellite constellation simulation model1 within OMNeT++ and INET, which is validated by comparing the results with existing work. Our model builds upon the fundamentals…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Aiden Valentine , George Parisis

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently in multi-region setups remains a challenge. Due to cost and GPU availability concerns, providers typically deploy LLMs in multiple regions using instance with long-term commitments, like…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Tian Xia , Ziming Mao , Jamison Kerney , Ethan J. Jackson , Zhifei Li , Jiarong Xing , Scott Shenker , Ion Stoica

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu

Low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations (e.g., Starlink) are becoming a necessary component of future Internet. There have been increasing studies on LEO satellite networking. It is a crucial problem how to evaluate these studies in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wenhao Lu , Zhiyuan Wang , Hefan Zhang , Shan Zhang , Hongbin Luo

Being able to provide latency guarantees for orbital edge computing applications through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is a major milestone for their integration into 5G and 6G networks. However, achieving this is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nicolai Dalsgaard Lyholm , Beatriz Soret , Tijana Devaja , Thomas Grundgaard Mulvad , Cedomir Stefanovic , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations combine great flexibility and global coverage with short propagation delays when compared to satellites deployed in higher orbits. However, the fast movement of the individual satellites makes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Jonas W. Rabjerg , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

Modern Earth Observation (EO) missions generate massive volumes of imagery that challenge existing downlink and ground-processing capabilities, particularly for time-critical applications. This work investigates how a low Earth orbit (LEO)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Beatriz Soret , Antonio M. Mercado-Martínez , Antonio Jurado-Navas , Nicolai D. Lyholm , Marco Moretti , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

The new space race is heating up as private companies such as SpaceX and Amazon are building large satellite constellations in low-earth orbit (LEO) to provide global broadband internet access. As the number of subscribers connected to this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Tobias Pfandzelter , Jonathan Hasenburg , David Bermbach