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Recent advancements have witnessed the ascension of Large Language Models (LLMs), endowed with prodigious linguistic capabilities, albeit marred by shortcomings including factual inconsistencies and opacity. Conversely, Knowledge Graphs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-29 DaiFeng Li , Fan Xu

Previous studies have relied on existing question-answering benchmarks to evaluate the knowledge stored in large language models (LLMs). However, this approach has limitations regarding factual knowledge coverage, as it mostly focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Linhao Luo , Thuy-Trang Vu , Dinh Phung , Gholamreza Haffari

Recently, ChatGPT, a representative large language model (LLM), has gained considerable attention due to its powerful emergent abilities. Some researchers suggest that LLMs could potentially replace structured knowledge bases like knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Linyao Yang , Hongyang Chen , Zhao Li , Xiao Ding , Xindong Wu

The contemporary LLMs are prone to producing hallucinations, stemming mainly from the knowledge gaps within the models. To address this critical limitation, researchers employ diverse strategies to augment the LLMs by incorporating external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Garima Agrawal , Tharindu Kumarage , Zeyad Alghamdi , Huan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination with non-factual or unfaithful statements, which undermines the applications in real-world scenarios. Recent researches focus on uncertainty-based hallucination detection, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kedi Chen , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Xinqi Tao , Bowen Ding , Jingwen Xie , Mingchen Xie , Peilong Li , Feng Zheng , Liang He

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to three types of hallucination: Input-Conflicting, Context-Conflicting and Fact-Conflicting hallucinations. The purpose of this study is to mitigate the different types of hallucination by exploiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ao Jia , Haiming Wu , Guohui Yao , Dawei Song , Songkun Ji , Yazhou Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual applications but often generate plausible yet incorrect or misleading outputs, known as hallucinations. While hallucination detection has been studied extensively in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hrishikesh Terdalkar , Kirtan Bhojani , Aryan Dongare , Omm Aditya Behera

Discharge summaries require extracting critical information from lengthy electronic health records (EHRs), a process that is labor-intensive when performed manually. Large language models (LLMs) can improve generation efficiency; however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Severin Ye , Xiao Kong , Xiaopeng He , Guangsu Yan , Dongsuk Oh

Hallucination detection remains a fundamental challenge for the safe and reliable deployment of large language models (LLMs), especially in applications requiring factual accuracy. Existing hallucination benchmarks often operate at the…

Extrapolation in Large language models (LLMs) for open-ended inquiry encounters two pivotal issues: (1) hallucination and (2) expensive training costs. These issues present challenges for LLMs in specialized domains and personalized data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yu-Hsiang Lin , Huang-Ting Shieh , Chih-Yu Liu , Kuang-Ting Lee , Hsiao-Cheng Chang , Jing-Lun Yang , Yu-Sheng Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong abilities in natural language understanding and generation, yet they struggle with knowledge-intensive reasoning. Structured Knowledge Graphs (KGs) provide an effective form of external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shuai Wang , Yinan Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) succeed in many natural language processing tasks. However, their tendency to hallucinate - generate plausible but inconsistent or factually incorrect text - can cause significant problems in certain tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xiangyan Chen , Yujian Gan , Yimeng Gu , Matthew Purver

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities in complex tasks. However, they lack up-to-date knowledge and experience hallucinations during reasoning, which can lead to incorrect reasoning processes and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Linhao Luo , Yuan-Fang Li , Gholamreza Haffari , Shirui Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various complex tasks, yet they still suffer from hallucinations. By incorporating and exploring external knowledge, such as knowledge graphs(KGs), LLM's ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qi Zhao , Hongyu Yang , Qi Song , Xinwei Yao , Xiangyang Li

Faithfulness hallucinations are claims generated by a Large Language Model (LLM) not supported by contexts provided to the LLM. Lacking assessment standards, existing benchmarks focus on "factual statements" that rephrase source materials…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Xiaqiang Tang , Jian Li , Keyu Hu , Du Nan , Xiaolong Li , Xi Zhang , Weigao Sun , Sihong Xie

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the development of natural language processing (NLP), especially in text generation tasks like question answering. However, model hallucinations remain a major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhongxin Liu , Zhiwei Wang , Jun Niu , Ying Li , Hongyu Sun , Meng Xu , He Wang , Gaofei Wu , Yuqing Zhang

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant success in performing varied natural language tasks such as language translation, question-answering, summarizing, fact-checking, etc. Despite LLMs' impressive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Sarah Hasan , Naheed Anjum Arafat , Arijit Khan

Despite the superb performance in many tasks, large language models (LLMs) bear the risk of generating hallucination or even wrong answers when confronted with tasks that demand the accuracy of knowledge. The issue becomes even more…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Lihui Liu , Zihao Wang , Ruizhong Qiu , Yikun Ban , Eunice Chan , Yangqiu Song , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as alternatives to traditional search engines given their capacity to generate text that resembles human language. However, this shift is concerning, as LLMs often generate hallucinations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Cléa Chataigner , Afaf Taïk , Golnoosh Farnadi

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) for tasks like fact extraction in support of knowledge graph construction frequently involves computing accuracy metrics using a ground truth benchmark based on a knowledge graph (KG). These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Bradley P. Allen , Paul T. Groth
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