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We study parallel algorithms for the classical balls-into-bins problem, in which $m$ balls acting in parallel as separate agents are placed into $n$ bins. Algorithms operate in synchronous rounds, in each of which balls and bins exchange…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Christoph Lenzen , Merav Parter , Eylon Yogev

We study the long-term behavior of the two-thinning variant of the classical balls-and-bins model. In this model, an overseer is provided with uniform random allocation of $m$ balls into $n$ bins in an on-line fashion. For each ball, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Ohad N. Feldheim , Ori Gurel-Gurevich , Jiange Li

We introduce a new class of balanced allocation processes which are primarily characterized by ``filling'' underloaded bins. A prototypical example is the Packing process: At each round we only take one bin sample, if the load is below the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Dimitrios Los , Thomas Sauerwald , John Sylvester

We introduce linear probing hashing schemes that construct a hash table of size $n$, with constant load factor $\alpha$, on which the worst-case unsuccessful search time is asymptotically almost surely $O(\log \log n)$. The schemes employ…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ketan Dalal , Luc Devroye , Ebrahim Malalla

In dynamic load balancing, we wish to distribute balls into bins in an environment where both balls and bins can be added and removed. We want to minimize the maximum load of any bin but we also want to minimize the number of balls and bins…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Anders Aamand , Jakob Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Mikkel Thorup

We find a searching method on ordered lists that surprisingly outperforms binary searching with respect to average query complexity while retaining minmax optimality. The method is shown to require $O(\log_2\log_2 n)$ queries on average…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-26 I. F. D. Oliveira , R. H. C. Takahashi

Designing algorithms for balanced allocation of clients to servers in dynamic settings is a challenging problem for a variety of reasons. Both servers and clients may be added and/or removed from the system periodically, and the main…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Vahab Mirrokni , Mikkel Thorup , Morteza Zadimoghaddam

We study the repeated balls-into-bins process introduced by Becchetti, Clementi, Natale, Pasquale and Posta (2019). This process starts with $m$ balls arbitrarily distributed across $n$ bins. At each round $t=1,2,\ldots$, one ball is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Dimitrios Los , Thomas Sauerwald

In the classical balls-and-bins paradigm, where $n$ balls are placed independently and uniformly in $n$ bins, typically the number of bins with at least two balls in them is $\Theta(n)$ and the maximum number of balls in a bin is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-22 Noga Alon , Ori Gurel-Gurevich , Eyal Lubetzky

The list-labeling problem captures the basic task of storing a dynamically changing set of up to $n$ elements in sorted order in an array of size $m = (1 + \Theta(1))n$. The goal is to support insertions and deletions while moving around…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Michael A. Bender , Alex Conway , Martín Farach-Colton , Hanna Komlós , Michal Koucký , William Kuszmaul , Michael Saks

We consider the following balls-into-bins process with $n$ bins and $m$ balls: each ball is equipped with a mutually independent exponential clock of rate 1. Whenever a ball's clock rings, the ball samples a random bin and moves there if…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Petra Berenbrink , Peter Kling , Christopher Liaw , Abbas Mehrabian

We use the holonomic ansatz to estimate the asymptotic behavior, in $T$, of the average maximal number of balls in a bin that is obtained when one throws uniformly at random (without replacement) $r$ balls into $n$ bins, $T$ times. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-24 Amir Behrouzi-Far , Doron Zeilberger

In this paper we propose algorithms for allocating $n$ sequential balls into $n$ bins that are interconnected as a $d$-regular $n$-vertex graph $G$, where $d\ge3$ can be any integer.Let $l$ be a given positive integer. In each round $t$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Ali Pourmiri

We analyze the asymptotic behavior of the average maximal number of balls in a bin obtained by throwing uniformly at random $r$ balls without replacement into $n$ bins, $T$ times. Writing the expected maximum as $\frac{r}{n}T+…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-23 Marcus Michelen

We consider an infinite balls-into-bins process with deletions where in each discrete step $t$ a coin is tossed as to whether, with probability $\beta(t) \in (0,1)$, a new ball is allocated using the Greedy[2] strategy (which places the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Petra Berenbrink , Tom Friedetzky , Peter Kling , Lars Nagel

Balanced allocation of online balls-into-bins has long been an active area of research for efficient load balancing and hashing applications.There exists a large number of results in this domain for different settings, such as parallel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-12-30 Sourav Dutta , Souvik Bhattacherjee , Ankur Narang

In the balls-into-bins setting, $n$ balls are thrown uniformly at random into $n$ bins. The na\"{i}ve way to generate the final load vector takes $\Theta(n)$ time. However, it is well-known that this load vector has with high probability…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Luc Devroye , Dimitrios Los

Hashing is a common technique used in data processing, with a strong impact on the time and resources spent on computation. Hashing also affects the applicability of theoretical results that often assume access to (unrealistic)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ioana O. Bercea , Lorenzo Beretta , Jonas Klausen , Jakob Bæk Tejs Houen , Mikkel Thorup

Let $A_n=(a_0,a_1,\dots,a_{n-1})$ be drawn uniformly at random from $\{-1,+1\}^n$ and define \[ M(A_n)=\max_{0<u<n}\,\Bigg|\sum_{j=0}^{n-u-1}a_ja_{j+u}\Bigg|\quad\text{for $n>1$}. \] It is proved that $M(A_n)/\sqrt{n\log n}$ converges in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-18 Kai-Uwe Schmidt

Linear-probing hash tables have been classically believed to support insertions in time $\Theta(x^2)$, where $1 - 1/x$ is the load factor of the hash table. Recent work by Bender, Kuszmaul, and Kuszmaul (FOCS'21), however, has added a new…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mark Braverman , William Kuszmaul