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Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) increasingly rely on learning-based perception, yet safety-relevant failures often arise without component malfunction, driven instead by partial observability and semantic ambiguity in how risk is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jean Douglas Carvalho , Hugo Taciro Kenji , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Glaucia Melo , Max Mauro Dias Santos , Deepa Kundur

Safety assessment of crash and conflict avoidance systems is important for both the automotive industry and other stakeholders. One type of system that needs such an assessment is a driver monitoring system (DMS) with some intervention…

Applications · Statistics 2024-09-18 Jonas Bärgman , Malin Svärd , Simon Lundell , Erik Hartelius

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require extensive testing in simulation, but test case generation for driving scenarios is laborious. The desired scenarios are often out-of-distribution and have precise requirements on interactions with the AV…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Frieda Rong , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

How to generate testing scenario libraries for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is a major challenge faced by the industry. In previous studies, to evaluate maneuver challenge of a scenario, surrogate models (SMs) are often used…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Haowei Sun , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is paramount in their development and deployment. Safety-critical scenarios pose more severe challenges, necessitating efficient testing methods to validate AVs safety. This study focuses on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Rui Zhou

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) must be sufficiently tested to ensure their safety. Though various ADS testing methods have shown promising results, they are limited to a fixed set of vehicle characteristics settings (VCSs). The impact of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Qi Pan , Tiexin Wang , Paolo Arcaini , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali

To ensure their safe use, autonomous vehicles (AVs) must meet rigorous certification criteria that involve executing maneuvers safely within (arbitrary) scenarios where other actors perform their intended maneuvers. For that purpose,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Aren A. Babikian , Attila Ficsor , Oszkár Semeráth , Gunter Mussbacher , Dániel Varró

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are rapidly advancing and are expected to play a central role in future mobility. Ensuring their safe deployment requires reliable interaction with other road users, not least pedestrians. Direct testing on public…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yueyang Wang , Mehmet Dogar , Russell Darling , Gustav Markkula

The reliable operation of autonomous vehicles, automated driving functions, and advanced driver assistance systems across a wide range of relevant scenarios is critical for their development and deployment. Identifying a near-complete set…

This study underscores the vital importance of intelligent driving functions in enhancing road safety and driving comfort. Central to our research is the challenge of obtaining sufficient test data for evaluating these functions, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Nico Schick , Franjo Čičak

Generating representative rear-end crash scenarios is crucial for safety assessments of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving systems (ADS). However, existing methods for scenario generation face challenges such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jian Wu , Carol Flannagan , Ulrich Sander , Jonas Bärgman

Background: Driving automation systems (DAS), including autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance, are an important safety-critical domain. DAS often incorporate perceptions systems that use machine learning (ML) to analyze the…

The safety of Automated Vehicles (AV) as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) depends on the safety of their consisting modules (software and hardware) and their rigorous integration. Deep Learning is one of the dominant techniques used for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Mohammad Hekmatnejad , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos

Scenario-based testing has emerged as a common method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) safety assessment, offering a more efficient alternative to mile-based testing by focusing on high-risk scenarios. However, fundamental questions persist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xingyu Zhao , Robab Aghazadeh-Chakherlou , Chih-Hong Cheng , Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, there is an increasing demand for scenario-based testing to simulate diverse driving scenarios. However, as the base of any driving scenarios, road scenarios (e.g., road topology and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Fan Yang , You Lu , Bihuan Chen , Peng Qin , Xin Peng

The Robot Operating System (ROS) is a widely used framework for building robotic systems. It offers a wide variety of reusable packages and a pattern for new developments. It is up to developers how to combine these elements and integrate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yi Yang , Tom Holvoet

As self-driving systems become better, simulating scenarios where the autonomy stack may fail becomes more important. Traditionally, those scenarios are generated for a few scenes with respect to the planning module that takes ground-truth…

Digital testing has emerged as a key paradigm for the development and verification of autonomous maritime navigation systems, yet the availability of realistic and diverse safety-critical encounter scenarios remains limited. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sijin Sun , Liangbin Zhao , Ming Deng , Xiuju Fu

Automated driving systems (ADSs) promise a safe, comfortable and efficient driving experience. However, fatalities involving vehicles equipped with ADSs are on the rise. The full potential of ADSs cannot be realized unless the robustness of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ekim Yurtsever , Jacob Lambert , Alexander Carballo , Kazuya Takeda

Developing reliable autonomous driving algorithms poses challenges in testing, particularly when it comes to safety-critical traffic scenarios involving pedestrians. An open question is how to simulate rare events, not necessarily found in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Yuhang Yang , Kalle Kujanpaa , Amin Babadi , Joni Pajarinen , Alexander Ilin