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We introduce OSVBench, a new benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on the task of generating complete formal specifications for verifying the functional correctness of operating system kernels. This benchmark is built upon a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shangyu Li , Juyong Jiang , Tiancheng Zhao , Jiasi Shen

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has substantially advanced automatic code generation and formal theorem proving, yet software verification has not seen comparable gains. To address this gap, we propose WybeCoder, an agentic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fabian Gloeckle , Mantas Baksys , Darius Feher , Kunhao Zheng , Amaury Hayat , Sean B. Holden , Gabriel Synnaeve , Peter O'Hearn

Code large language models (Code LLMs) have made significant progress in code generation by translating natural language descriptions into functional code; however, real-world applications often demand stricter adherence to detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Jian Yang , Wei Zhang , Shukai Liu , Linzheng Chai , Yingshui Tan , Jiaheng Liu , Ge Zhang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Guanglin Niu , Zhoujun Li , Binyuan Hui , Junyang Lin

In the digital age, ensuring the correctness, safety, and reliability of software through formal verification is paramount, particularly as software increasingly underpins critical infrastructure. Formal verification, split into theorem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhiyong Chen , Jialun Cao , Jiarong Wu , Chang Xu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Ensuring the correct functionality of systems software, given its safety-critical and low-level nature, is a primary focus in formal verification research and applications. Despite advances in verification tooling, conventional programmers…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yiyuan Cao , Jiayi Zhuang , Houjin Chen , Jinkai Fan , Wenbo Xu , Zhiyi Wang , Di Wang , Qinxiang Cao , Yingfei Xiong , Haiyan Zhao , Zhenjiang Hu

Formal verification of large C programs is impeded by state-space explosion: Bounded Model Checking (BMC) tools must encode the entire state space up to the predetermined bound by unrolling all nested constructs. We present ConVer, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Muhammad A. A. Pirzada , Weiqi Wang , Yiannis Charalambous , Konstantin Korovin , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into practical hardware and firmware development pipelines for code generation. Existing studies have primarily focused on evaluating the functional correctness of LLM-generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qirui Chen , Jingxian Shuai , Shuangwu Chen , Shenghao Ye , Zijian Wen , Xufei Su , Jie Jin , Jiangming Li , Jun Chen , Xiaobin Tan , Jian Yang

Code generation models can help improve many common software tasks ranging from code completion to defect prediction. Most of the existing benchmarks for code generation LLMs focus on code authoring or code completion. Surprisingly, there…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Kush Jain , Gabriel Synnaeve , Baptiste Rozière

We present \synver{}, a novel synthesis and verification framework for C programs, that deploys a Large Language Model (LLM) to search for a candidate program that satisfies the given specification. Our key idea is to impose syntactic and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Prasita Mukherjee , Benjamin Delaware

Code security and usability are both essential for various coding assistant applications driven by large language models (LLMs). Current code security benchmarks focus solely on single evaluation task and paradigm, such as code completion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yutao Mou , Xiao Deng , Yuxiao Luo , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

A fundamental limitation of Text-to-Code is that no guarantee can be obtained about the correctness of the generated code. Therefore, to ensure its correctness, the generated code still has to be reviewed, tested, and maintained by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Haoze Wu , Rocky Klopfenstein , Keith Farkas , Nina Narodytska

Automatic software verification tools help to find hard-to-detect faults in programs checked against specified requirements non-interactively. Besides, they can prove program correctness formally under certain assumptions. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ilja Zakharov , Evgeny Novikov , Ilya Shchepetkov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation, capable of tackling complex tasks during inference. However, the extent to which LLMs can be utilized for code checking or debugging through test…

Code generation has largely improved development efficiency in the era of large language models (LLMs). With the ability to follow instructions, current LLMs can be prompted to generate code solutions given detailed descriptions in natural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yun Peng , Jun Wan , Yichen Li , Xiaoxue Ren

To adequately test modern code generation systems, evaluation benchmarks must execute and test the code generated by the system. However, these execution and testing requirements have largely limited benchmarks to settings where code is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yiqing Xie , Alex Xie , Divyanshu Sheth , Pengfei Liu , Daniel Fried , Carolyn Rose

Code Large Language Models (CLLMs) have exhibited outstanding performance in program synthesis, attracting the focus of the research community. The evaluation of CLLM's program synthesis capability has generally relied on manually curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Longtian Wang , Tianlin Li , Xiaofei Xie , Yuhan Zhi , Jian Wang , Chao Shen

The security of code generated by large language models (LLMs) is a significant concern, as studies indicate that such code often contains vulnerabilities and lacks essential defensive programming constructs. This work focuses on examining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Muhammad Usman Shahid , Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed , Rajiv Ranjan

Automating hardware design could obviate a significant amount of human error from the engineering process and lead to fewer errors. Verilog is a popular hardware description language to model and design digital systems, thus generating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Shailja Thakur , Baleegh Ahmad , Zhenxing Fan , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Ramesh Karri , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Siddharth Garg

Generating long, informative, and factual outputs remains a major challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing benchmarks for long-form generation typically assess real-world queries with hard-to-verify metrics or use synthetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Zikai Xiao , Fei Huang , Jianhong Tu , Jianhui Wei , Wen Ma , Yuxuan Zhou , Jian Wu , Bowen Yu , Zuozhu Liu , Junyang Lin

DevBench is a telemetry-driven benchmark designed to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) on realistic code completion tasks. It includes 1,800 evaluation instances across six programming languages and six task categories derived from real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Adarsh Kumarappan , Pareesa Ameneh Golnari , Wen Wen , Xiaoyu Liu , Gabriel Ryan , Yuting Sun , Shengyu Fu , Elsie Nallipogu